摘要
目的比较苦豆子不同提取物中生物碱类、黄酮类和糖类等化学成分的差异。方法分别采用水煎煮、水超声、75%乙醇回流和75%乙醇超声制备苦豆子水煎煮提取物(water decocting extract,WDE)、水超声提取物(water ultrasonic extract,WUE),75%乙醇回流提取物(ethanol reflux extract,ERE)和75%乙醇超声提取物(ethanol ultrasonic extract,EUE),采用酸性染料比色法、NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH分光光度法、苯酚-硫酸法分别测定总生物碱、总黄酮和总多糖的含量,采用超高效液相色谱四极杆飞行时间质谱联用技术(UPLC-QTOF-MS)对不同提取物中的成分进行分析。结果苦豆子WDE、WUE、EUE、ERE中总生物碱平均含量依次为EUE(27.84%)、ERE(24.31%)、WUE(23.21%)和WDE(15.59%),总黄酮平均含量依次为ERE(4.95%)、WUE(3.89%)、EUE(3.24%)和WDE(2.73%),总多糖平均含量依次为WDE(40.34%)、ERE(39.96%)、WUE(39.81%)和EUE(37.72%)。通过UPLC-QTOF-MS方法得到EUE、ERE、WUE、WDE中共有物质102种,含量在0.02%以上的物质83种,其中有蔗糖(sucrose)、蔗果三糖(1-kestose)糖类成分2种,烟酸(nicotinic acid)、5’-O-β-D-葡糖基吡哆醇(5’-O-beta-D-glucosylpyridoxine)维生素类2种,4-甲基七叶亭(4-Methyl-6,7-dihydroxycoumarin)、异补骨脂素(angelicin)、7-甲氧基香豆素(herniarin)、马栗树皮萃取(aesculetin)香豆素类4种,盐酸胡芦巴碱(trigonelline HCl)、胆碱(choline)、N-甲基野靛碱(caulophylline)等生物碱类8种,染料木苷(genistin)、金合欢素(acacetin)、维采宁-2(vicenin 2)等黄酮类42种,同时检测到ERE中特有物质黄芪苷(astragalin)、UDP-D-木糖(UDP-xylose),WUE中特有物质吡哆醛(pyridoxal)、金柑甘(fortunellin)以及ERE中缺少物质芸香柚皮苷(narirutin)、Β-玉米赤霉烯醇(beta-zearalenol),WUE中缺少物质芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷(cosmosiin),WDE中缺少物质胡桃糖苷(hydrojuglone glucoside)、麦芽三糖(maltotriose)、4-氟苯胺(4-fluoroaniline)、Β-玉米赤霉烯醇(beta-zearalenol)。结论苦豆子不同提取物中化学成分存在一定的差异,可为苦豆子的深入研究提供参考。
Objective To compare the chemical composition difference such as alkaloids,flavonoids and polysaccharides in dif⁃ferent extracts of Kudouzi(Sophora alopecuroides L.).Methods The water decoction extract(WDE),water ultrasonic extract(WUE),75%ethanol reflux extract(ERE)and 75%ethanol ultrasonic extract(EUE)of Kudouzi(Sophora alopecuroides L.)were prepared by water decocting,water ultrasonic,75%ethanol reflux and 75%ethanol ultrasonic.The contents of total alka⁃loids,total flavonoids and total polysaccharides in different extracts of Kudouzi(Sophora alopecuroides L.)were determined by acid dye colorimetry,NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH spectrophotometry and phenol sulfuric acid method.The components in differ⁃ent extracts were further determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(UP⁃LC-QTOF-MS).Results The average contents of total alkaloids in WDE,WUE,EUE and ERE were 15.59%,23.21%,27.84%and 24.31%,respectively.The average contents of total flavonoids were 4.95%in ERE,3.89%in WUE,3.24%in EUE and 2.73%in WDE,and the average contents of total polysaccharides were 40.34%in WDE,39.96%in ERE,39.81%in WUE and 37.72%in EUE,respectively.102 common substances in EUE,ERE,WUE and WDE were obtained by UPLC-QT⁃OF-MS method,there are 83 substances with a content of over 0.02%,including two kinds of sugar components(sucrose and 1-kestose),2 kinds of vitamins(nicotinic acid and 5'-O-beta-d-glucosylpyridoxine),4 kinds of coumarins(4-methyl-6,7-dihydroxycoumarin,angelicin,herniarin,aesculetin).There were 8 kinds of alkaloids,such as trigonelline HCl,choline and caulophylline and 42 kinds of flavonoids such as genistin,acacetin and vicenin 2.At the same time,it tested astragalin and UDP-xylose in ERE and pyridoxal and fortunellin in WUE group,respectively.At the same time,ERE group lacked narirutin and beta-zearalenol,WUE group lacked cosmosiin 7-glucoside,WDE group lacked hydrojuglone glucoside,maltotriose,4-flu⁃oroaniline and beta-zearalenol.Conclusion There are some differences in the chemical components in different extracts of Ku⁃douzi(Sophora alopecuroides L.),which provides a reference for further study of Kudouzi(Sophora alopecuroides L.).
作者
李芳
刘学楠
魏彦明
华永丽
LI Fang;LIU Xuenan;WEI Yanming;HUA Yongli(College of Veterinary Medicine,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)
出处
《中华中医药学刊》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第12期45-52,I0026,I0027,共10页
Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31860717)
财政部和农业农村部—国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-37)
甘肃农业大学伏羲杰出人才培育计划项目(Gaufx-03J01)。
