摘要
为了探究阶梯布置下土质边坡的阻力规律及产沙特性,揭示阶梯布置下土壤侵蚀水力学机理,将阶梯消能工运用到坡面流中,通过室内放水冲刷试验,研究土质边坡在西南地区常见坡度(10°)、4个放水流量(2、4、8、16 L/min)、4个阶梯级数(裸坡、一级、二级、三级)和2个阶梯高度(1、2 cm)条件下的水力学特性。结果表明:裸坡条件下平均流速与流量成线性关系,布置阶梯后转为幂函数关系;流程一定时,阶梯级数越多阶梯消能效果越好;二级和三级阶梯,阶梯高度2 cm的平均产沙量小于1 cm,一级则相反。通过阻力分析得出,阶梯可以增加坡面阻力,降低坡面径流平均流速、壅高坡面平均水深,使得径流对坡面土颗粒的侵蚀作用减弱,从而减少输沙量。
In order to explore the resistance law and yield of soil slope under stepped layout,and to reveal the hydraulic mechanism of soil erosion under stepped layout,apply the stepped energy dissipator to the slope flow,through the indoor drainage erosion test,the hydraulic characteristics under the condition of 4 flowrates(2、4、8、16 L/min),4 kinds of step stages(bare slope,first step,second step,third step)and 2 step heights(1、2 cm)at a fixed slope of 10°are studied.The results show that the average velocity is linearly related to the flow rate under the bare slope condition,and changes to a power function relationship after the step is arranged;when the flow process is constant,the more steps,the better the energy dissipation effect is;the average sediment yield of the second and third steps is less than 1 cm at the step height of 2 cm and the first step is opposite.Through the resistance analysis,it is concluded that step can increase the slope resistance,reduce the average velocity of runoff on the slope and increase the average water depth on the slope which alleviates the erosion effect of the runoff on the soil particles on the slope,and thus reduce the sediment runoff.
作者
张崟崟
何贵平
雷孝章
陈前
ZHANG Yinyin;HE Guiping;LEI Xiaozhang;CHEN Qian(College of Water Resource and Hydropower,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Protection,Chengdu 610065,China;Yangtze River Three Gorges Technology and Economic Development Co.LTD,Beijing 100038,China)
出处
《西北水电》
2023年第6期12-17,共6页
Northwest Hydropower
基金
国家自然科学基金(41772321)。
关键词
坡面流
土壤侵蚀
工程措施
阻力系数
阶梯布置
overland flow
soil erosion
engineering measures
resistance coefficient
stepped layout
