摘要
目的了解太原市全市农村饮用水水质状况,为提高太原市全市农村地区水质条件提供依据。方法2022年在太原市10个县(市、区)选择农村饮用水监测168个监测点,分别于枯水期(3月)和丰水期(8月)各采集水样1次,同时进行信息收集和水样检测工作,对监测的数据进行汇总并采用Excel 2003建立数据库,应用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析.软件对主要监测指标进行统计学描述和分析,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果农村饮用水共监测336份,水源类型以地下水为主,占99.1%,其中以深井水为主,占82.1%。供水方式全部为集中式供水,处理方式以不处理为主,占78.6%,基本不消毒。2022年太原市农村饮水水质总合格率为76.49%,其中,枯水期合格率为76.19%,丰水期合格率为76.19%。供水工程以供水能力<500 m^(3)/d的工程为主,供水能力500~1000 m^(3)/d的供水工程合格率最高,为86.84%。单项目指标中,有16项指标存在超标情况,合格率从高到低分别为色度、臭和味、耗氧量、浊度、硝酸盐氮、锰、氟化物、肉眼可见物、砷、氯化物、溶固、菌落总数、氨氮、总大肠菌群、总硬度、硫酸盐。感官性状和一般化学指标单项指标达标率:硫酸盐、总硬度,分别为91.67%、93.15%。毒理学指标的单项指标达标率:砷97.92%,氟化物98.51%、硝酸盐氮99.11%。微生物学指标中达标率略低,总大肠菌群93.75%。菌落总数97.02%。结论2022年太原市农村地区饮用水水质有待提高。建议政府加大农村饮水工程资金投入,完善水质处理工艺和消毒设备的配备,加强农村供水单位工作人员的专业技术能力;加强饮用水安全健康宣传,提高广大农村居民的安全饮水知识。
Objective To learn the status of drinking water quality,and to lay the foundation for improving quality of the drinking water in rural areas of Taiyuan City.Methods Total of 168 rura drinking water monitoring sites were selected from ten counties (cities and districts) in Taiyuan City.Water samples were collected once in dry season (March) and wet season (August) to collec information and test water samples at the same time.The monitoring data were summarized and the database was established by Excel 2003 software.The main monitoring indicators were statistically described and analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software,and the rate was compared byχ^(2)test,the difference P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results In the total of 336 rural drinking water sources,groundwater was the main source,accounted for 99.1%,and deep well water was the main source,accounted for 82.1%.The supply of water was centralized water supply,and the main water treatment was no treatment that basically means no disinfection,accounted for 78.6%.In 2022,the total qualified rate of Taiyuan rural drinking water quality was 76.49%in dry season with the qualified rate of 76.19%in wet season.The water supply projects were maily from those water supply capacity<500 m^(3)/d,and the projects with water supply capacity 500-1 000 m^(3)/d had the highest qualified rate (86.84%).Among the single indexes,16 indexes exceeded the standard,and the qualified rates from high to low were chroma,odor and taste,oxygen consumption,turbidity,nitrate nitrogen,manganese,fluoride,visible matter,arsenic,chloride,solubilization,total number of colonies,ammonia nitrogen,total coliform,total hardness and sulfate.The standard rate of sensory properties and general chemical indexes:sulfate and total hardness were 91.67%and93.15%.The qualified rates of the single index of toxicology:arsenic was 97.92%,fluoride was98.51%and nitrate nitrogen was 99.11%.The qualified rate of microbiology index was slightly lower with the total coliform group 93.75%.The total number of colonies was 97.02%.Conclusions The quality of drinking water in rural areas of Taiyuan needs to be improved in 2022.It is suggested that the government increase the investment in rural drinking water projects,improve the equipment of water quality treatment technology and disinfection equipment,and strengthen the professional and technical ability of the staff of rural water supply units.We will strengthen publicity on the safety and health of drinking water and improve the knowledge of safe drinking water among rural residents.
作者
魏娜
李常青
郝锦蕊
徐计宏
WEI Na;LI Changqing;HAO Jinrui;XU Jihong(Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Taiyuan 030032,Shanxi Province,China)
出处
《职业卫生与病伤》
CAS
2023年第6期352-356,366,共6页
Occupational Health and Damage
关键词
农村
饮用水
水质
监测
rural
drinking water
water quality
monitoring
