摘要
生姜枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)引起的土传病害,防控极为困难。为了探究环境友好和安全的植物源生物农药,本研究利用平板抑菌试验和孢子萌发试验研究了姜精油和柠檬醛对生姜枯萎病菌尖孢镰刀菌的生长抑制作用,并通过盆栽试验进一步验证了姜精油和柠檬醛对生姜枯萎病菌尖孢镰刀菌的防控效果。结果显示,姜精油和柠檬醛处理可显著抑制生姜枯萎病菌尖孢镰刀菌的菌丝生长与孢子萌发,2 g·L^(−1)姜精油和0.5 g·L^(−1)柠檬醛对生姜枯萎病菌尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长的抑制率分别为82.0%与100.0%,孢子萌发抑制率分别为34.7%与95.0%。扫描电镜结果表明,姜精油和柠檬醛处理生姜枯萎病菌尖孢镰刀菌菌丝体3 d后,其菌丝体表现出不同程度的弯曲、褶皱和凹陷;PI染色结果发现,姜精油和柠檬醛处理严重破坏了生姜枯萎病菌尖孢镰刀菌细胞膜的完整性和通透性,从而导致胞浆流失、胞外电导率、蛋白质、核酸与丙二醛含量急剧增加,麦角固醇含量减少,进而减弱了生姜枯萎病菌尖孢镰刀菌的致病力。接种生姜枯萎病菌尖孢镰刀菌15 d后,2 g·L^(−1)姜精油和0.5 g·L^(−1)柠檬醛处理对生姜枯萎病的防控效果分别为32.7%和42.3%,0.5 g·L^(−1)柠檬醛处理与8 g·L^(−1)百菌清防控效果(47.1%)无显著差异。综上,姜精油和柠檬醛对生姜枯萎病菌尖孢镰刀菌的生长有显著抑制作用,并对生姜枯萎病有较好的防治效果,研究结果可为开发新型植物源抑菌剂防控生姜枯萎病提供理论依据。
Fusarium wilt in ginger plants is primarily caused by Fusarium oxysporum,and it is extremely difficult to control.Chemical agents are effective for controlling Fusarium wilt.To investigate environmentally friendly and safe plant-derived biopesticides,this study evaluated the inhibitory effects of ginger essential oil(GEO)and citral on F.oxysporum FOX-1 using the mycelium growth rate and spore germination methods.The mycelial growth rate method was used to determine the inhibitory effects of various GEO and citral concentrations on F.oxysporum FOX-1 mycelial growth.The lowest concentrations of GEO and citral that effectively prevented mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar(PDA)plate after 48 h were recorded as the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs).The spore germination method was used to assess the effects of GEO and citral at different concentrations(0,1/2 MIC,MIC)on the spore number and germination of F.oxysporum FOX-1,respectively.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to observe the mycelial morphology of F.oxysporum FOX-1,and propidium iodide(PI)staining was used to assess cell membrane damage.Furthermore,the effects of GEO and citral on the cell integrity and permeability of F.oxysporum FOX-1 were evaluated by measuring the changes in relative electrical conductivity,proteins,nucleic acids,malondialdehyde,and ergosterol.The effects of MIC GEO and citral on controlling Fusarium wilt in ginger in a pot experiment were determined 15 d after inoculation with F.oxysporum FOX-1.The results indicated that 2 g∙L^(−1) GEO and 0.5 g∙L^(−1) citral significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of F.oxysporum FOX-1,with EC50 values of 1.102 g∙L^(−1) and 0.141 g∙L^(−1) for GEO and citral,respectively.This indicates that both GEO and citral exhibited dosedependent effects,with MIC values of 2 g∙L^(−1) and 0.5 g∙L^(−1),respectively.In addition,these treatments of 1/2MIC and MIC significantly inhibited the germination of F.oxysporum FOX-1 spores compared to the control(CK).Compared with CK,the 1/2MIC and MIC GEO treatments reduced the number of F.oxysporum FOX-1 spores by 35.6%and 59.3%,respectively.Similarly,the 1/2MIC and MIC citral treatments reduced the number of F.oxysporum FOX-1 spores by 61.0%and 78.0%,respectively.After 12 h of treatment,the germination rates of F.oxysporum FOX-1 spores in the 1/2MIC and MIC GEO treatments reduced by 20.4%and 34.7%,whereas the germination rates in the 1/2MIC and MIC citral treatments decreased by 86.1%and 95.0%,respectively.After 3 d of GEO and citral treatment,the SEM results showed that the cell walls and cell membranes of F.oxysporum FOX-1 were damaged and could not maintain the normal linear morphology of the mycelium.They also showed different degrees of curvature,folds,and depressions.Furthermore,the PI staining revealed that the GEO and citral treatments severely damaged the integrity and permeability of the cell membrane of F.oxysporum FOX-1,resulting in a significant increase in the number of spores.Moreover,this treatment resulted in a sharp increase in cytoplasmic loss,extracellular conductivity,and protein,nucleic acid and malondialdehyde contents in the damaged F.oxysporum FOX-1 cells.After 3 d of treating the mycelium,high concentrations of GEO(2 g∙L^(−1))and eugenol(2 g∙L^(−1))reduced the ergosterol content of F.oxysporum FOX-1 by 27.0%and 45.2%,respectively,when compared with CK.GEO and citral treatments also weakened the pathogenicity of F.oxysporum FOX-1.Moreover,after 15 d of inoculation with F.oxysporum FOX-1,the 2 g∙L^(−1) GEO and 0.5 g∙L^(−1) citral treatments exhibited efficacy rates of 32.7%and 42.3%,respectively.The 0.5 g∙L^(−1) citral treatments was not significantly different from that of the positive control,chlorothalonil,which exhibited an efficacy rate of 47.1%.In summary,GEO and citral had significant inhibitory effects on the growth of F.oxysporum FOX-1 and could control Fusamum wilt in gingers.These findings could lay the foundation for the development of botanical antifungal agents for the management of Fusamum wilt.
作者
周丽荣
熊诗洁
张玲玲
马慧慧
朱学栋
尹军良
刘奕清
ZHOU Lirong;XIONG Shijie;ZHANG Lingling;MA Huihui;ZHU Xuedong;YIN Junliang;LIU Yiqing(College of Horticulture and Gardening/Spice Crops Research Institute,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China;Southeast Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuling 408013,China;College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China)
出处
《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期130-140,共11页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
重庆英才•优秀科学家项目(2022CQYC0101514)
调味品产业技术体系生姜品种选育及优质高产栽培技术研究与推广(2022-2023-07)
湖北省重点研发计划项目(2022BBA0061,2021BBA096)资助。
关键词
姜精油
柠檬醛
枯萎病
生姜
抑菌活性
Ginger essential oil
Citral
Fusarium wilt
Zingiber offificinale
Antibacterial activity
