摘要
槟榔黄化病是海南省槟榔树极易感染、蔓延迅速、极具毁灭性的头号病害,综合性的物理、化学和生态防控措施仍然难以控制其蔓延。生态地球化学研究以土壤-植株系统元素地球化学行为和生态效应为研究内容,可能赋予槟榔树自身内在的黄化病抑制能力,从而达到防控黄化病的目的。文章对万宁市槟榔园开展生态地球化学研究,分别配套采集了感染黄化病和未感染黄化病的槟榔树根系土、根系和叶片地球化学样品各30套,分析测试了Se、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As、Cr、Ni、Fe、Mn、B、Mo、Cl、F、I、N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、Co、Na、Si、Al等元素质量分数。以槟榔树是否感染黄化病为因变量进行二项逻辑回归统计,结果表明:不同介质样品的分类概率模型中,根系土的As元素,根系的As、N、Na元素,叶片的Zn、Hg、S元素回归系数为负数,表明槟榔树相应部位这些元素的质量分数越高,其感染黄化病的概率越低,联系到含砷农药和药物用于植物病虫害防控和人体疾病治疗的事实,意谓着提高根系土As等元素质量分数可能提升槟榔树对黄化病的预防和抑制能力,从而为槟榔黄化病防控提供了可能而又简单易行的生态地球化学新途径。但As作为毒害元素,是土壤环境质量和农产品食用安全的重要控制指标,因此,利用As元素防控槟榔黄化病,应开展针对槟榔树根系土和果实的系统性田间试验研究和评估,严防二次污染。
The areca palm is one of the three important"trees"(hevea brasiliensis,areca palm,and coconut)of tropical agriculture in Hainan province,China.However,the areca palm is highly susceptible to yellow leaf disease—the mostcommon disease affecting the palm—which is highly destructive,spreads rapidly,andis difficult to control with comprehensive physical,chemical,and ecological measures.Eco-geochemical studies have focused on the elemental geochemical behavior and ecological effects of the soil-plant system,which may prevent yellow leaf disease in the areca palm.With the support of the People's Government of Wanning City,Hainan Province,an eco-geochemical study was conductedon the areca palm area of Wanning City.Thirty sets of geochemical samples were collected from the root soil,root system,and leaves of areca palms infected with yellow leaf disease,along with samples taken fromhealthy trees.Root soil samples were tested for 28 indicators—including Se,Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg,As,Cr,Ni,Fe,Mn,B,Mo,Cl,F,I,N,P,K,Ca,Mg,S,Co,Na,Si,Al,pH,and organic matter.Additionally,the plant samples were tested for 23 elements—including Se,Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg,As,Cr,Ni,Fe,Mn,B,Mo,F,I,N,P,K,Ca,Mg,S,Co,and Na.Binomial logistic regression analysisof whether areca palmswere infected with yellow leaf disease as the dependent variable showed that As,B,and Co in the root soil were the main characteristic elements for determining whether the areca palmwas infected.The coefficients of As were negative,while the coefficientsof B and Co were positive,indicatinga lower probability of areca palminfection when the As content is higher and the contents of B and Co are lower.N,Co,and Na in the rootsystemwere the main characteristic elements for determining whetherthe areca palmwas infected.The coefficients of As,N,and Na were negative,while the coefficients of Co were positive,indicating a lower probability of areca palmsbeing infected when the contents of As,N,and Na are higher,and the content of Co is lower.The elements Zn,Hg,Mg,and S in the leaveswere the main factors determining whether the areca palmswere infected.The coefficients of Zn,Hg,and S were negative,and the coefficientsof Mg were positive,indicating a lower probability of areca palminfection when the contents of Zn,Hg,and Sarehigher,and content of Mg content is lower.Statistical analysis also showed that the correct classification rate and chi-square test expressed leaf>root system>root soil,indicating that the differences in elemental contents in the leaveswere the most accurate reflection of whether the areca palmwas infected.Soil is the most important source of trace elements in leaves and roots.From an eco-geochemical perspective,changing the elemental composition of root soil can be prevented,and yellow leaf diseaseamong areca palmscan be controlled.The As indicator did not enter thestatistical model of leaves(but Hg did),indicating that As does not easily reach the leaves or even the fruit of the palm.As is well known,arsenic-containing pesticides and drugs are used for plant pest control and human disease treatment,which indicates that increasing arsenic elements in the root system may enhance the prevention of areca palm from developing yellow leaf disease.Thus,this study provides a new eco-geochemical approach for the prevention and control of yellow leaf disease in areca palms.However,arsenic,as a toxic element,is an important control indicator for soil environmental quality and agricultural food safety.Therefore,systematic field trial studies and evaluations of areca palm root soil and fruits should be conducted to avoid secondary contamination using As;this can prevent and control yellow leaf disease inareca palms.
作者
何玉生
He Yusheng(Hainan Key Laboratory of Marine Geological Resources and Environment,Hainan Geological Survey Institute,Haikou 570206,China)
出处
《热带地理》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期188-194,共7页
Tropical Geography
基金
海南省海洋地质资源与环境重点实验室开放课题(HNHYDZZYHJKF013)
海南省万宁市人民政府“万宁市槟榔园(1∶10000)农业地质调查及兴隆咖啡生态地球化学评价”项目。
关键词
槟榔树
黄化病
生态地球化学
防控
海南省万宁市
areca palm
yellow leaf disease
eco-geochemistry
prevention and cure
Wanning of Hainan Province
