摘要
区域再生水循环利用是破解水资源、水环境和水生态“三水统筹”治理难题,实现污水资源化利用的重要途径.通过调研黄河流域上中下游16个地级市区域再生水循环利用试点实施方案的推进情况,剖析了区域再生水循环利用模式在地方的认知度和融合度,从政策和技术层面梳理了影响黄河流域区域再生水循环利用体系构建的主要制约因素,并提出了相应的对策措施.旨在推动区域再生水循环利用体系在黄河流域更大范围内发挥更加显著的效益,为其他流域再生水利用提供借鉴.政策层面的制约因素表现在地方政府缺少对再生水利用比例的考核机制,人工湿地工程无法与当地再生水利用规划、城镇污水处理厂和管网建设充分衔接融合,再生水不能有效纳入水资源配置规划,对于再生水取用权和收益权亦缺乏明确的管理要求,再生水尚未纳入水权交易市场.再生水利用工程盈利能力较弱,在缺乏经济政策保障的情况下很难形成稳定的市场运营和长效运行机制.技术层面的制约表现在冬季低温条件下,人工湿地工程的处理效果对运维技术的依赖度较高.不少地方的人工湿地工程往往缺乏专业运维队伍,“重建设、轻运维”的现象较为普遍.黄河流域再生水用于农业灌溉的需求量大,潜力有待充分发掘,再生水盐分升高和水质安全利用问题需持续探索和研究.提出的对策措施包括四方面:一是强化地方政府相关职能部门的协作协同,加大再生水利用率在考核中的权重,鼓励基础较好的地区开展再生水水权交易制度建设试点;二是省级层面应加大对区域再生水循环利用工程的政策和资金倾斜,推动工程尽早开工建设和发挥示范效益;三是强化人工湿地用地保障和运维管理;四是鼓励地方政府出台支持再生水用于农业灌溉的政策,推动黄河流域内典型农业县城形成具有示范性的再生水农业安全利用模式.
Regional reclaimed water reuse is an important way to realize the utilization of wastewater resources and solve the‘three water coordination’problem of water resources,water environment and water ecology.By investigating the progress of the pilot implementation plan for regional reclaimed water recycling in 16 prefecture-level cities in the upper,middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin,we analyzed the local awareness and integration of regional reclaimed water recycling,and sorted out the factors that affect the construction of the regional reclaimed water reuse systems from the policy and technical levels.The main constraints are identified and corresponding countermeasures are proposed.It aims to promote the regional reclaimed water recycling system to achieve more significant benefits in a wider range of the Yellow River Basin and provide reference for the utilization of reclaimed water in other river basins.Constraints at the policy level include the lack of local assessment mechanisms for the proportion of reclaimed water utilization,the inability of artificial wetland projects to fully integrate with local reclaimed water utilization plans,urban wastewater treatment plants and pipe network construction,and the inability to effectively incorporate reclaimed water into water resource allocation plans.There is also a lack of clear requirements for usage and revenue rights,and reclaimed water has not yet been included in the water rights trading market.The profitability of reclaimed water utilization projects is weak,and it is difficult to form a stable market operation and long-term operation mechanism in the absence of economic policy guarantees.Technical constraints are manifested in the fact that under low temperature conditions in winter,the treatment effect of artificial wetland projects is highly dependent on operation and maintenance technology.There is often a lack of professional operation and maintenance teams in the running of artificial wetland projects in many places,and the phenomenon of‘heavy construction,light operation and maintenance’is common.There is a large demand for reclaimed water for agricultural irrigation in the Yellow River Basin,and its potential needs to be fully explored.The issues of increased salinity in reclaimed water and safe utilization of water quality need to be explored and studied.The proposed countermeasures include four aspects:first,strengthen the collaboration of relevant local functional departments,increase the weight of reclaimed water utilization in the assessment,and encourage regions with a better foundation to carry out pilot projects for the construction of reclaimed water trading system.Second,it is necessary to increase policy and financial support to promote regional reclaimed water recycling projects to start construction as soon as possible and achieve demonstration benefits.The third is to strengthen land security and operation and maintenance of artificial wetlands.The fourth is to encourage local governments to support policies for the use of reclaimed water for agricultural irrigation,and promote the formation of exemplary agricultural safe utilization of reclaimed water in typical agricultural counties in the Yellow River Basin.
作者
温慧娜
高涵
张翔
彭定华
寇杰锋
WEN Huina;GAO Han;ZHANG Xiang;PENG Dinghua;KOU Jiefeng(Ecological and Environmental Monitoring and Scientific Research Center,Yellow River Basin Ecological and Environmental Administration Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Zhengzhou 450004,China;Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning,Beijing 100012,China)
出处
《环境科学研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期131-139,共9页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展联合研究项目(No.2022-YRUC-01-0405)。
关键词
黄河流域
区域再生水循环利用
制约因素
Yellow River Basin
regional reclaimed water reuse
constraints
