摘要
[背景]纳米氧化铜(CuO-nanoparticles,CuO-NPs)是一种工程纳米材料,具有价廉易得、稳定性强、导电性高的特点,同时具有高比容量、高表面能和大比表面积,在电化学、光电、能源技术、催化和生物医学等领域展现出巨大的应用潜力.随着对CuO-NPs研究的深入,特别是铜依赖毒性机制“铜死亡”的发现,其环境安全性和生物相容性问题备受关注.[进展]本文主要介绍近5年来CuO-NPs的应用进展及环境命运,并阐述其环境危害、健康危害以及毒性机制研究进展.在工业生产中,CuO-NPs主要在超导、催化、玻璃陶瓷染色和农药领域被广泛应用,在电极材料、光电元件、抗菌剂、生物传感和肿瘤治疗等方面也有广阔的应用前景.CuO-NPs对生态环境中植物、动物、微生物及人体健康有不同程度的危害作用,其毒性主要依赖于氧化还原电位、颗粒摄取、细胞内释放及铜离子溶出.最新发现的“铜死亡”机制为研究CuO-NPs的生物相容性提供了新视野.[展望]未来在CuO-NPs暴露条件下的表征、低浓度CuO-NPs作用下的长期和慢性影响、与实际环境相符的风险评估,以及不同毒性机制相互作用和稳态调节等方向开展深入研究,将有助于人们更充分了解CuO-NPs的生态毒性及相应机制.
[Background]CuO-nanoparticles(CuO-NPs)are a type of engineered nanomaterial(ENM),with characteristics such as low price,strong stability,high conductivity,high specific capacity,high surface energy,and large specific surface area.They show great potential in applications in the fields of electrochemistry,optoelectronics,energy technology,catalysis and biomedicine.Ecological exposure of CuO-NPs mainly comes from industrial wastewater irrigation and their application as a pesticide.With the further study of CuO-NPs,especially the mechanism of copper-dependent toxicity,more and more attention has been paid to their environmental safety and biocompatibility.[Progress]As a transition metal oxide,CuO has the unique properties of being superconducting at high temperature.CuO also exhibits high catalytic activity in numerous chemical reactions,making it a great replacement for precious metal catalysts.Compared with larger counterparts,nano-sized CuO with the particle size between 1-100 nm has more excellent physical and chemical properties,such as electrochemical and photoelectric effect,catalytic activity,and selectivity,offering it good potential for antibacterial and biomedical applications,resulting in widespread application.In industrial production,CuO-NPs are widely used in the fields of superconductivity,catalysis,glass ceramic dyeing and pesticides.They also have a broad prospect of application in electrode materials,optoelectronic components,antimicrobial agents,biosensors and tumor therapy.The interaction between CuO-NPs and the ecological environment and organisms has been elucidated in the past five years.CuO-NPs have different degrees of harmful effects on plants,animals,microorganisms and human health in the ecological environment,and their toxicity mainly depends on redox potential,particle uptake,intracellular release and dissolution of copper ions.With the in-depth research of CuO-NPs,especially the discovery of"Cuproptosis",which is the mechanism of copper-dependent toxicity,provides a new perspective for biocompatibility study of CuO-NPs.[Perspective]This paper reviews the toxic effects of CuO-NPs under different conditions.However,there are still some research gaps that need addressing to fully understand the ecotoxicity of CuO-NPs and their corresponding mechanisms.Firstly,CuO-NPs exposure conditions are not sufficiently characterized,including properties like particle size,surface modification,pH,temperature,and interaction patterns such as particle dissolution,particle agglomeration and particle precipitation.These characteristics are of great significance for the evaluation of CuO-NPs toxicity and the contrastive integration between results in different literatures.Secondly,current in vivo studies on CuO-NPs mainly focus on acute toxicity,and more attention should be given to the long-term and chronic effects of low concentrations of CuO-NPs in the future,as they would be more representative of the actual environment.Thirdly,relevant risk assessments under conditions consistent with the distribution,release,transformation and exposure of CuO-NPs in the real-world environment,production and life have important guiding significance.Finally,the interaction between different subcellular damage and toxicity mechanisms induced by CuO-NPs and the regulatory mechanisms of organisms maintaining homeostasis require further investigation.In the future,it is necessary to determine the environmental fate and biosafety dose of CuO-NPs to develop environmental standards for sustainable applications in different application environments.
作者
张永兴
林默
王蕾
ZHANG Yongxing;LIN Mo;WANG Lei(State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics,School of Public Health,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China)
出处
《厦门大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期1-12,126,共13页
Journal of Xiamen University：Natural Science
基金
厦门大学校长基金(20720192016,20720222007)。
关键词
纳米氧化铜
生态毒性
毒性机制
CuO-nanoparticle
ecological toxicity
toxicity mechanism
