摘要
目的统计洛阳市涧西区各作业场的职业病危害因素,分析职业病发生的主要原因,并探讨具体防控策略。方法收集洛阳市涧西区内2021年1月—2022年12月期间针对各作业场的职业病危害因素监测信息,录入Excel 2010进行数据统计;随机抽取辖区内200名重点职业从业人员,开展回顾性分析,结合职业健康检查结果,将确认存在职业病的115名从业人员列为病例组,其余未发生职业病的85名从业人员列为对照组,比较2组一般资料、临床资料,经统计学单因素、Logistic多因素回归分析归纳可导致职业病发生的影响因素,结合分析结果,探讨具体防控措施。结果针对辖区内15家厂矿企业,2021年共设立584个监测点,共测得68处锰及其化合物危害、48处矽尘危害、4处苯及其苯系物危害、12处噪声危害,超标率为22.60%(132/584);2022年共设立1575个监测点,共测得158处粉尘危害、154处锰及其化合物危害、10处矽尘危害、13处噪声危害,超标率为21.27%(335/1575);单因素分析结果显示,2组从业人员的年龄、工作年限、职业类型、体检频率、体检结果等比较差异均存在统计学意义;Logistic多因素回归分析显示,年龄≥50岁,工作年限≥10年,从事制造业、采矿业,未规律体检,血常规异常,免疫力差,X线胸片异常,双耳高频听力阈值≥40 dB均是发生职业病的重要原因(均P<0.05)。结论洛阳市涧西区的职业危害因素以粉尘、锰及其化合物为主,高龄、工作年限长的制造业、采矿业人员发生职业病的风险相对较高,优化职业病防治措施并规范上述重点人群的职业健康体检能实现对职业病的有效防控。
Objective To analyze the occupational disease hazards in various workplaces in Jianxi District,Luoyang City,and to analyze the main causes of occupational disease occurrence,explore specific prevention and control strategies.Methods Monitoring information on occupational disease hazards in various workplaces within the jurisdiction from January 2021 to December 2022 was collected,Excel 2010 was used for data statistics.Two hundred key occupational employees within the jurisdiction were selected randomly for retrospective analysis.Based on the results of occupational health examinations,115 employees confirmed to have occupational diseases were included in the case group,while 85 employees who did not have occupational diseases were included in the control group.General and clinical data of the two groups were compared,and the influencing factors that could lead to the occurrence of occupational diseases were summarized through statistical single factor and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Combined with the analysis results,specific prevention and control measures were discussed.Results For 15 factories and mining enterprises within the jurisdiction,a total of 584 monitoring sites were established in 2021,and a total of 68 manganese and its compound hazards,48 silica dust hazards,4 benzene and its benzene series hazards,and 12 noise hazards were measured,which the exceeding rate was 22.60%(132/584).In 2022,a total of 1575 monitoring sites were established,with a total of 158 dust hazards,154 manganese and its compounds hazards,10 silica dust hazards,and 13 noise hazards detected,which the exceeding rate was 21.27%(335/1575).The results of statistical univariate analysis showed that there were certain differences in the age,years of work,occupational type,frequency of physical examinations,and results of physical examinations between the two groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age≥50 years old,working experience≥10 years,engaged in manufacturing and mining industries,irregular physical examinations,abnormal blood routine,immune differences,chest X-ray abnormalities,and binaural high-frequency hearing threshold≥40 dB were all important reasons for the occurrence of occupational diseases.Conclusions The occupational hazards in this jurisdiction are mainly dust,manganese,and their compounds.The risk of occupational diseases among elderly manufacturing and mining workers with long working years is relatively high.Optimizing ocof employeescupational disease prevention and control measures and standardizing occupational health examinations for the above-mentioned key populations can achieve effective prevention and control of occupational diseases.
作者
王冬芬
李俊设
刘玉潇
WANG Dongfen;LI Junshe;LIU Yuxiao(Laboratory Department of Disease Prevention and Control Center in Jianxi District,Luoyang City,Luoyang 471003,China)
出处
《广州医药》
2024年第1期35-40,共6页
Guangzhou Medical Journal
基金
河南省医学科技攻关项目(LHGJ202101423)。
关键词
职业病危害因素
监测结果
Logistic多因素回归分析
防控策略
occupational disease hazards
monitoring results
multivariate logistic regression analysis
prevention and control strategies
