摘要
为解决山西油桃园施肥不合理的现象,筛选出适合当地油桃生产的施肥配比和施肥量,以4年生金瑞油桃为试验材料,磷肥固定,氮肥和钾肥各设置4个梯度,以不施肥为对照,研究不同施肥处理对运城地区金瑞油桃产量和品质的影响。结果表明,适量增施氮肥和钾肥均可显著增加油桃的横纵径和单果质量,提高油桃可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖和维生素C含量,降低总酸度,提高果实糖酸比,改善果实品质和口感;但施氮量超过240 kg/hm^(2)时,过量的氮肥会降低油桃可溶性固形物、维生素C和可溶性糖含量,不利于油桃品质和产量的提升。与不施肥对照相比,处理N_(2)PK_(2)(N 240 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)120 kg/hm^(2)和K_(2)O 240 kg/hm^(2))和处理N_(2)PK_(3)(N 240 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)120 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 360 kg/hm^(2))增产率分别为28.77%和31.34%,增产值分别为25 440元/hm^(2)和27 720元/hm^(2),经济效益显著高于其他处理。通过构建施肥模型,试验地金瑞油桃的钾肥最佳施用量为398 kg/hm^(2)。综上,不同施肥配比和施肥量对油桃内在品质和产量有较大影响,试验地油桃适宜的氮、磷、钾施用比例为1.0∶0.5∶1.0~1.5,推荐施肥量分别为N 240 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)120 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 240~360 kg/hm^(2)。
To address the issue of unreasonable fertilization in the nectarine orchards of Shanxi province and to determine the appropriate proportion and quantity of fertilizer for nectarine production,four-year-old“Jinrui”nectarines were served as the experimental subject.With a fixed phosphate fertilizer application rate,four nitrogen gradients and four potassium gradients were established,in addition to a control group that received no fertilization to study the impact of different fertilization regimens on the yield and quality of the“Jinrui”nectarines in Yuncheng.The results indicated that the proper increasing application of N and K fertilizers could significantly improve transverse and longitudinal diameters,as well as the weight of individual fruits.The treatments increased the contents of soluble solids,total soluble sugars,and vitamin C,while reduced total acidity and enhanced the sugar-to-acid ratio in nectarine fruits,effectively boosted fruit quality and taste.Nevertheless,when the nitrogen application rate exceeded 240 kg/ha,there was a decrease in soluble solids,vitamin C,and soluble sugar content,which in turn adversely affected nectarine quality and yield.In comparison to the absence of fertilization,the treatment N_(2)PK_(2)(N 240 kg/ha,P_(2)O_(5)120 kg/ha,and K_(2)O 240 kg/ha)and the treatment N_(2)PK_(3)(N 240 kg/ha,P_(2)O_(5)120 kg/ha,K_(2)O 360 kg/ha)enhanced the yield by 28.77%and 31.34%respectively,resulting in increased output values of 25440 RMB/ha and 27720 RMB/ha correspondingly.These two fertilization treatments yielded economic benefits substantially higher than all other treatments.By creating a fertilizer application model,the optimal potassium rate for“Jinrui”nectarines was identified as 398 kg/ha.In summary,the fertilization ratio and the amount markedly influenced the internal quality and yield of the nectarines.The ideal nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilization ratio for nectarines at the test site was 1∶0.5∶1 to 1∶0.5∶1.5,with recommended fertilizer quantities being 240 kg/ha of nitrogen,120 kg/ha of phosphorus,and 240-360 kg/ha of potassium.
作者
滑小赞
程滨
赵瑞芬
侯家富
冯悦晨
王森
HUA Xiaozan;CHENG Bin;ZHAO Ruifen;HOU Jiafu;FENG Yuechen;WANG Sen(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030031;College of Traffic Engineering,Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology,Yuci,Shanxi 030619)
出处
《山西农业科学》
2024年第1期107-114,共8页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences
基金
山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题(YCX2020305)
山西省果树产业技术体系(SXFRY-2022)
山西农业大学省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室自主研发项目(202105D121008)。
关键词
金瑞油桃
氮磷钾配比
施肥量
产量
品质
Jinrui nectarines
N,P,K ratio
amount of fertilizer application
yield
quality
