摘要
重大科技基础设施在科技强国建设和国家创新体系中具有重要作用。然而,针对重大科技基础设施如何发挥促进技术创新作用,理论研究和实践中评价管理导向均不足。本文设计了分阶段的重大科技基础设施技术创新促进机制的分析框架,基于四个重大科技基础设施典型案例,探讨了重大科技基础设施引发的创新市场效应、创新网络效应、研发条件效应、技术转化效应等,并针对技术转化的四种类型进行了重点分析。在此基础上提出了政策建议,以推动重大科技基础设施更好地服务于企业技术创新、关键核心技术攻关和未来产业发展。
Major science and technology infrastructure plays an important role in the construction of science and technology power and the national innovation system.However,regarding how major science and technology infrastructure plays a role in promoting technological innovation,the evaluation management orientation is insufficient in both theoretical research and practice.This paper designs a phased analysis framework and puts forward the mechanism of promoting technological innovation by major science and technology infrastructure.This paper establishes a framework for analyzing the impact of technological innovation on major science and technology infrastructure in phases of“construction-operation”.During the construction phase,major science and technology infrastructure is managed as a large complex technology investment project.The characteristics of construction management include clear construction objectives and strong mobilization ability of capital and personnel resources.Although the construction technology is difficult,the technology is in the research and development stage,and the personnel team is still in the exploration stage,the public procurement of the construction investment can drive the innovation of suppliers,and it is also urgent for suppliers to provide solutions with technical expertise,and ensure that the project is completed on schedule and in good quality through cooperative research and development,and the driving role of technological innovation is determined and direct.In the operation phase,major scientific and technological infrastructure is often included in the scope of conventional management of scientific research conditions of research institutions.Operation funds are mainly used to make up for resource consumption and labor costs.Although the technology is mature and the ability of technical personnel is improved,the operation goal is mainly to ensure the normal operation of the machine and provide scientific services,and technology spillover is not a priority evaluation orientation.Unless managers actively advocate and allocate the necessary resources,it is difficult to achieve the effect of promoting technological innovation.In terms of case selection,first of all,the major science and technology infrastructure that has been in operation for a period of time is selected after considering factors such as facility function,stage,discipline and region,so that the construction period and operation period can be taken into account,and the major science and technology infrastructure of different disciplines,including particle physics,nuclear physics and multi-disciplinary service facilities are selected.In terms of data collection,this study uses data materials from facility annual reports,survey interviews,and case studies in literature.(1)The impact of major science and technology infrastructure on enterprise technological innovation in the whole life cycle is multifaceted,not limited to the transformation of scientific and technological achievements;The construction stage also has a strong role in promoting technological innovation,which is often ignored.The influence of major scientific and technological infrastructure on technological innovation can be promoted from the construction stage and the operation stage respectively.(2)In the construction stage,large-scale public procurement of facilities will provide new market opportunities for innovative entrepreneurs,who can use the"start-up market"space brought by facilities to develop new technologies and market fields.By participating in the construction of the facility,entrepreneurs can gain access to the latest scientific and technological knowledge and experience to help drive their technological innovation and product development.(3)In the operation stage,while the completed facilities are engaged in supporting cutting-edge scientific research,they have accumulated the ability to provide innovation environment and creative factors for smes'innovation and transfer technology to smes,and public facilities also have the ability to provide innovative services for enterprises.However,whether we can truly create a high-level innovation environment,transfer technology,provide effective services for enterprise innovation,promote information exchange,cooperation and innovation,and form a dynamic innovation ecosystem,we also need to provide policy-oriented support.
作者
乔黎黎
Qiao Lili(Center for Innovation-Driven Development(Digital Economy Research and Development Center),National Development and Reform Commission,Beijing 100038,China)
基金
国家自然科学基金应急管理项目:支持全面创新的创新创业生态基础制度研究(72341005)。
关键词
重大科技基础设施
企业技术创新
促进机制
案例研究
major research infrastructure
enterprise
technological innovation
promotion mechanism
case study
