摘要
以人工智能、机器人为代表的自动化技术进步,对劳动力市场结构影响持续深化,不仅表现在传统受雇工作形态,还表现在企业创业选择和决策方面。文章基于国家层面自动化程度不断加深的背景,使用2011—2017年全球创业观察(GEM)创业活动数据和国际机器人联合会(IFR)国家层面机器人数据,研究机器人使用对创业活动的影响及可能机制。研究结果表明,机器人使用对创业活动具有显著促进作用。按照创业动机划分机会型创业活动和生存型创业活动发现,机器人使用增加显著促进了机会型创业活动。该结论在控制内生性和考虑不同衡量指标下依然稳健。文章进一步从市场进入障碍、人力资本效应两个维度考察机器人使用对创业活动的影响机制。机制分析发现,机器人使用通过简化企业生产程序,降低企业市场进入障碍,提高人力资本水平进而促进企业创业活动实现。异质性分析表明,机器人使用对创业活动促进作用在OECD国家幅度更大,机器人使用显著增加了中年群体、女性群体以及中低受教育水平群体机会型创业活动概率,机器人使用有利于缩小不同群体间的创业差距。文章研究为促进我国机器人应用深化以及机会型创业活动实现提供了一定的参考意义。
Technological advances in automation,represented by artificial intelligence and robotics,continue to deepen their impact on the structure of the labor market,not only in terms of traditional employed work patterns,but also in terms of corpo⁃rate entrepreneurial choices and decisions.This paper examines the impact of robot use on entrepreneurial activity and possi⁃ble mechanisms based on the context of deepening automation at the country level,using Global Entrepreneurship Monitor(GEM)entrepreneurial activity data from 2011-2017 and International Federation of Robotics(IFR)country-level robot da⁃ta.The results of the study indicate that increased robot use has a significant contribution to entrepreneurial activity.With the division of opportunity entrepreneurship and necessity entrepreneurship according to entrepreneurial motivation,we found that increased robot use significantly promoted opportunity entrepreneurial activity.The findings remain robust controlling for endogeneity and considering different measures.This paper further examines the mechanism of robot use on entrepreneurial activity in terms of two dimensions:market entry barriers and human capital effects.The mechanism analysis finds that robot use facilitates the realization of entrepreneurial activity by simplifying the firm′s production process,lowering the firm′s mar⁃ket entry barriers,and increasing the level of human capital.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the effect of robot use on entre⁃preneurial activity is greater in OECD countries,and robot use significantly increases the probability of opportunity entrepre⁃neurial activity among middle-aged,female,and low-and middle-educated groups,which helps to narrow the entrepreneur⁃ial gap among different groups.This study provides some research ideas and references to promote the deepening of robotics application and the realization of opportunity entrepreneurial activities in China.
作者
李磊
何艳辉
Li Lei;He Yanhui
出处
《南方经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第1期124-141,共18页
South China Journal of Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“全球产业智能化对我国供应链安全的影响及对策研究”(22&ZD097)
国家自然科学基金面上项目“发达国家产业智能化对中国外商直接投资的影响研究”(72273068)资助。
关键词
机器人
创业选择
机会型创业
生存型创业
Robots
Entrepreneurial Options
Opportunity Entrepreneurship
Necessity Entrepreneurship
