摘要
云南省电解铝材料产业近年发展迅猛,其氟化物排放引起的环境污染问题一直备受关注。就某电解铝材料厂为研究对象,对电解铝材料生产各环节固废中氟化物的含量和存在形态进行检测,并对生产过程中原料、产品、固废等进行了统计,结合实际开展了氟化物平衡计算。电解铝材料生产过程中,99.6%的氟化物由固废带出,0.4%的氟化物以有组织烟气、无组织天窗废气逸散的形式进入外环境,可通过增设高效脱硫协同脱氟设施和提高电解槽集气效率等措施,减缓氟化物对环境的污染。经检测分析,固废中氟化物以Na 5 Al 3 F 14、NaAlF 4、Na 3 AlF 6、K 2 SiF 6、CaF 2和AlF 3等难溶或微溶于水的化合物形态存在,土壤中水溶性氟化物含量占总氟化物的比例不足1%,表明氟化物排放和土壤环境污染之间存在一定的关联性。氟化物在土壤中累积效应较为明显,在第一类用地和第二类用地条件下,电解铝厂周围区域表层土壤中氟化物的总危害指数分别为0.794和0.09,周围土壤健康风险评估结果为可接受。
Electrolytic aluminum industry in Yunnan Province has been developing rapidly in recent years.The environmental pollution caused by fluoride discharge has been an issue of concerned.Taking an electrolytic aluminum material factory as the research object,the content and existence form of fluoride in solid waste of electrolytic aluminum material production were detected,the raw materials,products and solid waste in the production process determined,and the fluoride balance calculation was carried out according to the actual situation.During the production of electrolytic aluminum materials,99.6%of fluoride was carried-by solid waste,and 0.4%of fluoride entered the external environment in the form of organized flue gas and unorganized skylight exhaust gas.The pollution of fluoride to the environment can be reduced by adding high efficiency desulfurization and cooperative defluorination facilities and improving the gas collection efficiency of electrolytic cell.The fluoride in solid waste was found to be insoluble or slightly soluble in water,such as Na 5 Al 3 F 14,NaAlF 4,Na 3 AlF 6,K 2 SiF 6,CaF 2 and AlF 3.The content of water-soluble fluoride in the soil accounted for less than 1%of the total fluoride,indicating that there was a certain correlation between fluoride discharge and soil environmental pollution.The cumulative effect of fluoride in soil is obvious.Under the conditions of the first type of land and the second type of land,the total hazard index of fluoride in the surface soil around the electrolytic aluminum plant is 0.794 and 0.09,respectively.The health risk assessment results of the surrounding soil are acceptable.
作者
梅向阳
卿华
刘群星
赵华
毛玫清
MEI Xiangyang;QING Hua;LIU Qunxing;ZHAO Hua;MAO Meiqing(Yunnan Provincial Appraisal Center of Environmental Engineering,Kunming 650032,China;Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Technology,Kunming 650500,China)
出处
《有色金属工程》
CAS
2024年第1期160-168,共9页
Nonferrous Metals Engineering
基金
云南省人力资源社会保障厅牵头项目2023年人才发展专项资金(530000211100000107950)。
关键词
电解铝材料
氟化物
形态
污染控制
electrolytic aluminum material
fluoride logistics
occurrence form
pollution control
