摘要
为定量分析生物炭施用对番茄产量和品质的时空效应和影响机制,同时为番茄生产中生物炭合理施用量的确定提供依据。该研究通过检索文献整合已发表的相关田间试验数据,采用Meta-analysis法分析了生物炭施用条件下,生物炭特性、土壤条件、田间管理措施与时空特性对番茄产量和品质的综合效应,并对各影响因素进行通径分析。结果表明:施用生物炭显著增加了番茄产量、果实Vc、可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量(P<0.05),增长率分别为30.7%(95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)为27.6%~33.9%)、13.8%(95%CI为10.8%~16.9%)、6.7%(95%CI为3.3%~10.2%)和10.7%(95%CI为5.8%~15.8%),而番茄果实硝酸盐含量降低了3.1%(95%CI为-6.7%~0.8%),对番茄果实糖酸比含量增加效应不显著(95%CI为-3.0%~7.9%);番茄产量效应的亚组分析表明,生物炭施用在不同时间和区域特征下对番茄增产效应影响显著(P<0.01),随着时间的推移,生物炭施用对番茄增产效应呈波动式增长趋势,华北、东北农田区的番茄增产效应不显著;土壤有机质含量与番茄增产率呈正相关关系,土壤pH值与番茄增产率呈负相关关系,番茄增产率随土壤全氮及硝酸钾含量的增加呈先增后减趋势;田间管理措施对番茄产量效应分析结果表明,生物炭施加量>40~80 t/hm^(2)时,增产率可达37.8%(95%CI为33.5%~42.1%),生物炭热解温度在400~600℃内,生物炭pH值控制在>8~9为最优;生物炭施用量、生物炭pH值和产量年份是影响生物炭增产效果的3个主要因素。研究结果可为番茄生产中科学、合理生物炭施用量的确定提供理论支撑。
This study aims to quantitatively analyze the space-time effect and influence mechanism of biochar application on tomato yield and quality.Meanwhile,an optimal application amount of biochar was determined in tomato production.A meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the effects of biochar characteristics,soil conditions,field measures,and spatiotemporal patterns on the tomato yield and quality under biochar application.Literature was searched to integrate the published field data from the relevant experiments.Meanwhile,path analysis was constructed to explain the interaction among the factors.Non-biochar application was used as the control treatment.24 valid cases were screened from the collected literature to obtain 138,66,54,41,52,and 14 datasets on the yield,Vc,soluble sugars,soluble solids,sugar-acid ratio,and nitrate content of tomatoes,respectively.The experiments lasted from 2012 to 2021.The effect size was determined as the indicator in the meta-analysis.Important factors were selected for the effectiveness of biochar production.The top three factors were identified in the descending order of direct flux coefficients.The results showed that the biochar application significantly increased the tomato yield,fruit Vc,soluble sugar,and soluble solids content by 30.7%(95%CI:27.6%-33.9%),13.8%(95%CI:10.8%-16.9%),6.7%(95%CI:3.3%-10.2%),and 10.7%(95%CI:5.8%-15.8%),respectively,whereas,significantly reduced the tomato fruit nitrate content by 3.1%(95%CI:-6.7%-0.8%),and there was the non-significant effect of 2.3%(95%CI:-3.0%-7.9%)on the increase in the tomato fruit sugar to acid ratio.No publication bias was found,because both yield and quality data were linearly correlated by the publication bias test,indicating that the data conformed to the normal distribution(P<0.01).The groups of data with and without biochar application were almost always distributed within the confidence interval of the normal percentile plot.Subgroup analysis of tomato yield showed that the effect of biochar on tomato yield had a significant temporal and regional pattern.The effect of biochar application on tomato yield showed a fluctuating growth trend.The increasing tomato yield was found in North China,where there was no obvious in Northeast China.There was a positive correlation between soil organic matter content and tomato yield increase rate,whereas,a negative correlation between soil pH value and tomato yield increase rate.The tomato yield increase rate increased first and then decreased with the increase in the soil's total nitrogen and potassium nitrate content.Field management measures on tomato yield showed that a yield increase of 37.8%(95%CI:33.5%-42.1%)was achieved when biochar was applied at a rate of>40-80 t/hm^(2).The optimal combination was achieved in the biochar pyrolysis temperatures of 400-600°C and biochar pH values of>8-9.The application amount of biochar,pH value of biochar,and yield year were the three main factors on the yield-increasing effect of biochar.The finding can also provide theoretical support for the optimal biochar application rates in tomato production.
作者
郑健
撒青林
王燕
ZHENG Jian;SA Qinglin;WANG Yan(College of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;Key Laboratory of the System of Biomass Energy and Solar Energy Complementary Energy Supply System in Gansu,Lanzhou 730050,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Key Technology for Northwest Low Carbon Urbanization,Lanzhou 730050,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第22期63-73,共11页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51969012)
甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-27,2021CYZC-33)
济南市水务科技项目(JNSWKJ202206)
2023年高校教师创新基金项目(2023B-431)
甘肃省研究生“创新之星”项目(2023CXZX-437)。
