摘要
为探明深旋耕配施有机物料改良烤烟根际土壤酸化特性和调控烤烟生长、产质量的效应。以烤烟品种‘NC102’为材料,在云南省石林县酸性红壤上,采用双因素裂区设计,研究耕作方式(垂直深旋耕和传统耕作)和施有机改土物料(不施改土物料、酸性有机肥、碱性有机肥和生物质炭)及其互作对烤烟根际土壤理化特性、烟株根系和植株生长形态及产质量的影响。结果表明:植烟土壤理化特性主要受耕作方式、有机改土物料及二者互作的影响,其中垂直深旋耕配施有机肥可显著降低土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度及水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾、水溶性氯含量,尤其施碱性有机肥、生物质炭更有利于增加土壤速效钾含量,显著降低土壤交换性酸总量、土壤交换性氢(H+)和交换性铝(Al3+),提升土壤硅铝率、阳离子交换量和盐基饱和度,增强酸性土壤调酸效果。烤烟根冠形态及烟叶产量、产值性状主要受深旋耕和碱性改土物料的影响。耕作方式、有机改土物料及其互作对烟叶化学成分可用性指数影响较大,其中施碱性有机肥、生物质炭主要影响总糖、还原糖、钾及水溶性氯;垂直深旋耕显著影响烟叶6项常规化学指标。因此,在云南酸性土壤山地烟区,采用垂直深旋耕结合施碱性有机肥、生物质炭,可较好地协同改良土壤酸度及提升土壤肥力,促进烤烟地上和地下部生长,形成良好根冠关系,提高烟叶产量和产值,改善烟叶化学成分协调性。
To explore the effect of deep rotary tillage combined with organic materials on improving acidic characteristics of rhizosphere soil and growth,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco,a field experiment with flue-cured tobacco cultivar‘NC102’was conducted in acidic red soil in Shilin County,Yunnan Province.Based on two-factor split zone design,deep vertical rotary tillage and traditional tillage,as well as application of organic soil ameliorative materials(no ameliorative material,acidic organic fertilizer,alkaline organic fertilizer and biochar)were set to study tillage methods,organic materials and their interactions on physic-chemical properties of rhizosphere soil,root system,growth morphology,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that physicochemical properties of tobacco-growing soil were mainly affected by tillage methods,ameliorative materials and their interaction.Deep vertical rotary tillage combined with organic fertilizer could significantly reduce soil bulk density,and increase soil porosity,hydrolytic nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and water-soluble chlorine content.In particular,the application of alkaline organic fertilizer and biochar was more beneficial to increase soil available potassium content.The total amount of soil exchangeable acid,hydrogen ion(H+)and aluminum ion(Al3+)were significantly reduced.The soil silica-aluminum ratio,cation exchange capacity and base saturation were increased,and effect of acidic soil improvement was enhanced.The root crown morphology,yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco were mainly affected by deep rotary tillage and alkaline ameliorative materials.Tillage methods,organic modified material and their interaction had a great effect on chemical components usability index of flue-cured tobacco.The application of basic organic fertilizer and biochar mainly affected total sugar,reducing sugar,potassium and water-soluble chlorine.Deep vertical rotary tillage significantly affected six conventional chemical indexes of tobacco leaves.Therefore,in mountainous tobacco-growing areas of acidic soil in Yunnan Province,deep vertical rotation tillage combined with application of alkaline organic fertilizer and biochar can coordinately improve soil acidity and fertility,and simultaneously promote growth of above-ground and underground parts of tobacco,form a good root-shoot relationship,which can increase yield,output value,and harmonious chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco.
作者
张晓伟
张轲
倪明
赵新梅
张云芬
李枝武
杨树明
ZHANG Xiaowei;ZHANG Ke;NI Ming;ZHAO Xinmei;ZHANG Yunfen;LI Zhiwu;YANG Shuming(Yunnan Tobacco Quality Inspection&Supervision Station,Kunming 650106;Agricultural Resources&Environment Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205;Comprehensive Agricultural Service Center,Lufu District of Shilin County,Shilin,Yunnan 652200)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2024年第2期52-60,共9页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目“烟用商品有机肥质量控制标准和监测体系构建及应用”(2021530000241034)
云南中烟工业有限责任公司重大专项项目“基于品牌适配性的云南植烟生态区域定位研究及应用”(2022539200340097)。
关键词
烤烟
有机物料
垂直深旋耕
土壤酸化
品质
flue-cured tobacco
organic material
deep vertical rotation tillage
soil acidification
quality
