摘要
为提高氮肥利用率,以郑单958为材料,2021-2022年在施氮总量250 kg·hm^(-2)条件下,设置4个施氮处理,传统施氮(全部基施,N1)为对照、拔节期后移30%+灌浆期后移10%(N2)、拔节期后移20%+灌浆期后移20%(N3)、拔节期后移10%+灌浆期后移30%(N4),以及不施氮区(N0),分析不同施氮处理对玉米灌浆,光合特性和氮效率的影响。结果表明,氮肥后移处理可显著促进籽粒灌浆,增加籽粒干物质量,灌浆高峰提前,延长了灌浆活跃期,平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率增加。与常规施氮不后移相比,氮肥后移处理可使玉米维持较高的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)。氮肥后移能够显著提高成熟期氮素累积量、氮肥利用率、氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力。氮肥后移还能够显著增加夏玉米穗粒数和百粒重,使籽粒产量平均提高了16.32%~34.67%,生物产量平均提高了12.81%~25.89%。在施氮总量250 kg·hm^(-2)的水平下,拔节期后移20%+灌浆期后移20%(N3)可有效提高河南砂姜黑土区夏玉米氮素供需吻合度,是实现夏玉米增产、增效的有效措施。
In order to improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency,Zhengdan 958 was used as the material,all the treatment received the same amount of total nitrogen of 250 kg·ha^(-1),four nitrogen(N)fertilization treatments were set with application of different N amounts postponed from jointing N to grain filling N.N-fertilizer basally applied 100%at sowing(N1),30%at jointing stage and 10%at grain filling stage(N2),20%at jointing stage and 20%at grain filling stage(N3),10%at jointing stage and 30%at grain filling stage(N4)from 2021 to 2022,the treatment without N application was setup to calculate nitrogen fertilizer efficiency parameters.The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer postponing application could significantly promote grain filling and increased grain dry matter weight,the date grain filling peak occurred advanced,extended the active period of grain filling,increased average grain filling rate and maximum grain filling rate.The nitrogen fertilizer postponing application could maintain high relative chlorophyll content(SPAD),net photosynthetic rate(Pn),and transpiration rate(Tr),compared with traditional N management practices.The nitrogen fertilizer postponing application significantly increased the nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen fertilizer use rate,nitrogen agricultural efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity at mature stage.The nitrogen fertilizer postponing application significantly in creased the grain per ear,100-grain weight,the average grain yield increased by 16.32%-34.67%,and the average biomass yield by 12.81%-25.89%.The total N input of 250 kg·ha^(-1),nitrogen fertilizer postponing application 20%at jointing stage and 20%at grain filling stage(N3)could effectively matching the supply and demand of summer maize to nitrogen in the black soil area of sand ginger in Hena.Therefore,the postponing application ratio should be considered as a effective measure to enhance grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize.
作者
苗任重
MIAO Renzhong(Zhumadian Academy of Agricultral Science,Zhumadian 463000,China)
出处
《黑龙江农业科学》
2024年第2期15-22,共8页
Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
河南省玉米产业技术体系驻马店综合试验站建设项目(HARS-23-02-Z6)。
关键词
夏玉米
籽粒灌浆
叶绿素相对含量
净合光速率
蒸腾速率
氮肥效率参数
summer maize
grain filling
chlorophyll relative content
net photosynthetic rate
transpiration rate
nitrogen efficiency parameter
