摘要
剑麻斑马纹病是一种由烟草疫霉(Phytophthoranicotianae)引起的传染性病害,导致剑麻出现叶斑、茎腐和轴腐的症状,对剑麻纤维的产量和质量造成严重影响。目前,剑麻斑马纹病的防治主要采取以农业栽培措施为主,抗病育种和化学药剂防治相结合的综合防治策略,但是农业防治人工成本高,工人操作技术参差不齐;抗病育种难度大,周期长;化学防治受剑麻叶片表面带有蜡质层的影响,存在药液不易吸附的问题,而且大量施药也容易造成病原抗药性提高和环境污染。因此,开发防治剑麻斑马纹病的生防菌资源,探索综合防控新途径显得尤为重要。本研究以烟草疫霉菌为靶标菌,通过五点对峙法筛选,获得2株生防菌PpHyHNCJ2和PpHyHNCJ5,其菌丝生长抑制率分别为85.92%和83.10%。通过对烟草疫霉菌菌丝显微结构进行观察发现,菌株PpHyHNCJ2和PpHyHNCJ5均抑制了烟草疫霉菌菌丝的生长,生防菌对峙的烟草疫霉菌出现菌丝体膨大增粗、分枝畸形、缠绕等现象。基于细胞形态、生理生化反应以及16S rDNA基因序列比对分析,菌株PpHyHNCJ2和PpHyHNCJ5鉴定为多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)。进一步研究显示菌株PpHyHNCJ2和PpHyHNCJ5均具有广谱拮抗作用,能够很好地抑制辣椒疫霉菌(Phytophthora capsica)、大豆疫霉菌(P.sojae)、瓜疫霉菌(P.melonis)、棕榈疫霉菌(P.palmivora)、豇豆疫霉菌(P.vignae)、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、黑曲霉菌(Aspergillus niger)、暹罗刺盘孢菌(Colletotrichum siamense)等11种病原菌的生长。此外,菌株PpHyHNCJ2和PpHyHNCJ5具有解有机磷能力、解无机磷能力、解钾能力、固氮能力和产铁能力,可为作物的良好生长提供条件。结果表明,菌株PpHyHNCJ2和PpHyHNCJ5对剑麻斑马纹病的防治具有良好的潜力,可为剑麻斑马纹病的生物防治提供基础材料。
Sisal zebra disease is an infectious disease caused by Phytophthora nicotianae,causing symptoms such as leaf spot,stem rot and shaft rot in sisal,and it has a serious impact on the yield and quality of sisal fibre.At present,the integrated control strategy of sisal zebra disease is mainly based on agricultural control,and combining disease resistance breeding and chemical control.However,agricultural prevention and control measures have the shortcomings of high labor cost and uneven operation skills of workers,disease-resistance breeding technology is difficult and its cycle is long,and chemical control is affected by the waxy layer on sisal leaf surface,which makes it difficult for the liquid to adsorb,a large amount of drug application can also lead to the increase of pathogen resistance and environmental pollu-tion easily.Therefore,it is particularly important to develop biocontrol bacteria resources for the prevention and control of sisal zebra disease,and enrich comprehensive prevention and control methods.In this study,P.nicotianae was used as the target pathogen bacteria.Two antagonistic bacteria,PpHyHNCJ2 and PpHyHNCJ5 were obtained by the five-point confrontation method and the mycelial growth inhibition rate was 85.92%and 83.10%.By observing the microscopic structure of P.nicotiana mycelia,it was found that strains PpHyHNCJ2 and PpHyHNCJ5 inhibited the growth of P.nicotiana mycelia,and it showed the phenomenon of mycelium enlargement and thickening,branching deformity and entangling.Based on cell morphology,physiological and biochemical reactions,and the alignment of 16S rDNA gene sequences,it was concluded that strains PpHyHNCJ2 and PpHyHNCJ5 were identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa.Further studies showed that both strains PpHyHNCJ2 and PpHyHNCJ5 had broad spectrum antagonism,and they could effectively inhibit the growth of 11 kinds of pathogens such as P.capsica,P.sojae,P.melonis,P.palmivora,P.vignae,Fusarium oxysporum,Aspergillus niger,Colletotrichum siamense and so on.In addition,strains PpHyHNCJ2 and PpHyHNCJ5 had the ability to dissolve organic phosphorus,inorganic phosphorus,potassium,nitrogen fixation and iron production,which could provide conditions for the good growth of crops.The results showed that the two biocontrol bacteria had big potential for sisal zebra disease control,and it could lay a foundation for the biological control of sisal zebra disease.
作者
侯会霞
郑肖兰
易克贤
习金根
李慧
吴伟怀
陈河龙
HOU Huixia;ZHENG Xiaolan;YI Kexian;XI Jingen;LI Hui;WU Weihuai;CHEN Helong(College of Plant Protection,Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Agricultural and Forestry Biological Disasters,Ministry of Education,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Sanya Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Sanya,Hainan 572025,China)
出处
《热带作物学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期205-214,共10页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops
基金
海南省科技人才创新项目(No.KJRC2023B18)
国家麻类产业技术体系“剑麻生理与栽培岗位”项目(No.CARS-16-E16)
海南省院士创新平台资金项目。
关键词
剑麻斑马纹病
烟草疫霉菌
生防菌
促生特性
sisal zebra disease
Phytophthora nicotianae
biocontrol bacteria
growth-promoting properties
