摘要
空气栓塞是一种起病隐匿、发展迅速、死亡率高的疾病,最常见的病因是医源性操作,早期发现并采取适当的措施防止疾病的发展对于患者预后至关重要。由于空气栓塞临床表现常常不典型,易被漏诊和误诊,从而造成严重后果,诊断及治疗空气栓塞是一项艰苦的挑战。文章通过对近年来国内以及国际上空气栓塞患者的相关诊疗情况进行综述,分别从空气栓塞的分类及病理机制、临床表现和治疗等方面进行介绍、总结,旨在提高临床医生对该疾病的认识,以便于早期识别及诊断空气栓塞,并及时有效进行干预,防止疾病进一步发展,改善患者预后,降低病死率。食管超声心动图、呼气末二氧化碳分压可以早期识别、及时诊断空气栓塞,及时对患者进行终止空气栓塞的来源、合适的体位、高流量的纯氧吸入及高压氧治疗等是有效的治疗措施。
Air embolism is a disease with insidious onset,rapid development and high mortality.Because the most common etiologies are iatrogenic,early detection and appropriate treatments should be important for preventing the disease development.It is difficult to be diagnosed timely and correctly on account of the non typical clinical manifestations,so the diagnosis of air embolism represents a laborious challenge.This review will introduce the classification,pathological mechanism,clinical manifestation and treatment of air embolism,in order to promote physicians to understand the disease,so as to prevent it from further development,improve the prognosis of patients and reduce the fatality rate.Transesophageal echocardiography and end-tidal carbon dioxide can identify and timely diagnose air embolism.Therefor,the patients can be treated by terminating the source of air embolism,appropriate body position,high flow of pure oxygen inhalation and high pressure oxygen treatment in time.
作者
赵格格
刘珊珊
于珈
ZHAO Gege;LIU Shanshan;YU Jia(Department of Quality Management,the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University,Zhuhai Guangdong 519000,China)
出处
《中国卫生标准管理》
2024年第1期194-198,共5页
China Health Standard Management
关键词
空气栓塞
气体栓塞
分类
临床表现
诊断
治疗
air embolism
gas embolism
classification
clinical manifestation
diagnosis
treatment
