3Christiane Nord. Translating as A Purposeful Activity Functionalist Approach Explained [ M ]. Shanghai : Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001.
5Katharina Reiss and Hans J. Vermeer. Grundlegung einer aUgemeinen translationstheorie [ M ]. Ttibingen : Niemeyer, 1984:101.
6Hans J. Vermeer. Skopos and Commission in Translational Aetion[G]//A. Chesterman. Readings in Translation The- ory. Finland: Oy Finn Lectura Ab,1989:20.