摘要
为了查清不同程度的干旱胁迫对中稻生长指标及产量的影响,以杂交稻“天优华占”为材料进行盆栽试验,在分蘖期、孕穗期、抽穗期和乳熟期设置轻旱、中旱、重旱三个水分胁迫水平,以正常间歇灌溉为对照(CK),监测土壤含水率,测量各生育期不同水分梯度下的株高、分蘖数、叶绿素含量和叶面积,分析各生育期不同干旱胁迫对水稻生长指标和产量的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫在拔节—孕穗期对株高抑制最显著,分蘖期对分蘖数和叶面积影响最明显,抽穗—开花期对叶绿素的合成影响最大且日需水量最高;干旱胁迫对产量最敏感的时期是抽穗—开花期,不同胁迫水平均会减少水稻的有效穗数、千粒重和结实率,三个胁迫水平较正常水平(CK)分别减产27.57%、44.23%、46.32%;采用相关分析得出影响产量相关度从大到小依次为千粒重、结实率和有效穗。因此,确保抽穗—开花期的水分供给能够有效改善水稻的千粒重、有效穗和结实率,提高水稻的产量和水分利用效率。
In order to find out the effects of different degrees of drought stress on the growth index and yield of semilate rice,a pot experiment was conducted with hybrid rice“Tianyouhuazhan”.Three water stress levels of light drought,moderate drought and severe drought were set at tillering stage,booting stage,heading stage and milk stage,and normal intermittent irrigation was used as control(CK)to monitor soil moisture content.The plant height,number of tillers,chlorophyll content and leaf area under different water gradients at different growth stages were measured,and the effects of different drought stress at different growth stages on rice growth index and yield were analyzed.The results showed that drought stress had the most significant effect on plant height at jointing and booting stage,tillering stage had the most obvious effect on tiller number and leaf area,and heading and flowering stage had the greatest influence on chlorophyll synthesis and the highest daily water requirement.The most sensitive period of drought stress to yield was heading and flowering stage.Different stress levels reduced the effective panicle number,1000-grain weight and seed setting rate of rice.Compared with the normal level(CK),the yield of the three stress levels decreased by 27.57%,44.23%and 46.32%,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that the correlation degree of affecting yield was 1000-grain weight,seed setting rate and effective panicle.Therefore,ensuring water supply at heading and flowering stage can effectively improve 1000-grain weight,effective panicle and seed setting rate,and increase rice yield and water use efficiency.
作者
张义鑫
赵新宇
刘方平
朱绿丹
喻宏磊
ZHANG Yixin;ZHAO Xinyu;LIU Fangping;ZHU Lvdan;YU Honglei(School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering,Nanchang Institute of Technology,Nanchang Jiangxi,330099,China;Jiangxi Provincial Irrigation Experimental Station,Nanchang Jiangxi,330201,China)
出处
《江西水利科技》
2024年第1期36-41,47,共7页
Jiangxi Hydraulic Science & Technology
基金
江西省自然科学基金项目(202001263)
江西省水利厅科技项目(202123YBKT28、202022YBKT16)。
关键词
中稻
水分胁迫
生长指标
产量
Semi-late rice
Water stress
Growth index
Yield
