摘要
农村土地的福利性质使得农村土地数据的收集、处理等异于一般数据,农村土地数据权利的行使与保护也与一般数据权利的行使与保护不同。农村土地数据权利不是一项法定权利,但基于数据要素席卷各行各业、多元主体参与数字经济和智慧农业实践的利益需要得到保护等现状,对农村土地数据权利展开探究尤为必要。农村土地数据权利实践的类型化研究是明确该项权利是否应该法定的基础,也是后续研究权利概念、性质以及具体构造的前提。以农村土地数据权利实践参与主体的性质作为权利实践类型化研究的切入点,通过明确多元主体的农村土地数据权利实践基本样态,进一步剖析出公权介入强度、数据生发逻辑、利益流向对象等使权利实践呈现不同类型的缘由,并以此为标准对农村土地数据权利的具体实践开展类型化分析,得出强管理型农村土地数据权利与半开放型农村土地数据权利、原生型农村土地数据权利与开发型农村土地数据权利、要素占有型农村土地数据权利与要素流动型农村土地数据权利等三组权利实践类型。最后将数据分类分级制度、相对弱势群体补偿、罚则救济相称机制嵌入现有的《土地管理法》《农业法》等法律中,为农村土地数据权利实践的不同类型所对应的利益提供保护。
The welfare nature of rural land makes the collection and processing of rural land data different from that of general data,and the exercise and protection of rural land data rights are also different from that of general data rights.The right to rural land data is not a legal right,but based on the current situation where data elements are sweeping through various industries,the interests of multiple subjects are participating in the digital economy and the practice of smart agriculture need to be protected,it is especially necessary to explore the right to rural land data.The typology study of rural land data rights practice is the basis for clarifying whether the right should be legal,and is also the premise for subsequent research on the concept,nature and specific structure of the right.Taking the nature of the subjects involved in the practice of rural land data rights as the entry point for the typological study of rights practice,the basic pattern of rural land data rights practice of multiple subjects is clarified,and the reasons for the different types of rights practice in terms of the intensity of public power intervention,the logic of data generation,and the objects of interest flow are further analyzed,and a typological analysis of the specific practice of rural land data rights is carried out by using this criterion to arrive at the following conclusions.We also take this as a criterion to analyze the specific practices of rural land data rights,and come up with three groups of rights practices:strongly managed rural land data rights and semi-open rural land data rights,native rural land data rights and developmental rural land data rights,and factor-possessed rural land data rights and factor-flowing rural land data rights.Finally,the data classification and grading system,the compensation for relatively weak groups,and the proportionate mechanism of penalties and remedies will be embedded in existing laws such as the Land Management Law and the Agricultural Law,so as to provide protection for the interests corresponding to the different types of rural land data rights practices.
作者
李长健
姜瑜
LI ChangJian;JIANG Yu(Law School/Institute of Law and Public Policy,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)
出处
《农业大数据学报》
2023年第4期56-65,共10页
Journal of Agricultural Big Data
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“深化基层矛盾纠纷化解共建共治机制及其风险预判研究”(项目编号:18ZDA166)的阶段性成果
华中科技大学人文社会科学重大原创性成果培育项目“全面乡村振兴进程中农民土地权益保障研究”。
关键词
农村土地数据权利
权利实践类型
实践参与主体
实践利益保护
rural land data rights
types of rights practices
subjects of practice participation
protection of practice interests
