摘要
【目的】了解北京市通州区学龄前儿童视力状况及其相关影响因素。【方法】于2022年3—8月,采取分层整群抽样的方法纳入2199名学龄前儿童为研究对象。通过裸眼视力测查和家长问卷调查,使用多因素logistic回归模型分析视力异常的相关因素。【结果】2199名幼儿中,裸眼视力异常检出率13.60%。4~、5~、6~岁儿童的视力异常率分别为9.02%、18.01%、11.82%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,与男童、年龄4~岁、初次接触电子产品的年龄≥4岁、家里采光环境好、平时持续用眼30 min经常/总是远眺休息眼睛、平时看电视的距离从来没有<2 m、家长知信行得分≥0.7分的儿童相比,女童(OR=1.411,95%CI:1.095~1.819)、年龄5~岁(OR=2.303,95%CI:1.726~3.071)、初次接触电子产品的年龄<4岁(OR=2.464,95%CI:1.120~5.424)、家里采光环境较差(OR=2.229,95%CI:1.295~3.835)、平时持续用眼30 min从来没有(OR=1.862,95%CI:1.115~3.110)及偶尔/有时(OR=1.997,95%CI:1.268~3.145)远眺休息眼睛、平时看电视的距离偶尔/有时<2 m(OR=1.369,95%CI:1.011~1.855)、家长知信行得分<0.7分(OR=1.780,95%CI:1.005~3.155)的儿童视力异常的风险更大。【结论】学龄前儿童视力异常发生率较高,影响因素较多,应注重学龄前儿童的视力筛查和用眼健康行为健康教育,减少视力异常的发生。
[Objective]To analyze the visual status and its influencing factors among preschool children in Tongzhou District.[Methods]From March to August 2022,a stratified cluster sampling was used to include 2199 preschool children as study subjects.Visual acuity examination and parental questionnaire surveys were conducted,and a multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for visual abnormalities.[Results]The detection rate of abnormal naked-eye vision among 2199 students was 13.60%.The rates of visual abnormalities in children aged 4,5,and 6 were 9.02%,18.01%,and 11.82%,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression revealed that compared with boys,children between 4 and 5 years old,children who first played with electronic products at the age of≥4,those with good home lighting,those who often/always took a break and looked into the distance after using your eyes for 30 minutes,those who never watched TV at a distance<2 meters,and children with parental knowledge-attitude-practice(KAP)scores above 0.7,girls(OR=1.411,95%CI:1.095‒1.819),children between 5 and 6 years old(OR=2.303,95%CI:1.726‒3.071),children who first played with electronic products under 4 years old(OR=2.464,95%CI:1.120‒5.424),those with poor home lighting environment(OR=2.229,95%CI:1.295‒3.835),those who never(OR=1.862,95%CI:1.115‒3.110)or occasionally/sometimes(OR=1.997,95%CI:1.268‒3.145)took a break and looked into the distance after using your eyes for 30 minutes,those who watched TV occasionally/sometimes at a distance<2 meters(OR=1.369,95%CI:1.011‒1.855),and those with parental KAP scores under 0.7(OR=1.780,95%CI:1.005‒3.155)had a higher risk of abnormal visual acuity.[Conclusion]The prevalence of abnormal visual acuity in preschool children is high,and there are multiple influencing factors.Attention should be paid to vision screening and healthy eye-use behavior education for preschool children to reduce the occurrence of visual abnormalities.
作者
侯月云
HOU Yueyun(Tongzhou District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Beijing 101100,China)
出处
《上海预防医学》
CAS
2023年第12期1236-1241,共6页
Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine
基金
北京市通州区科技计划(KJ2022CX056)。
关键词
学龄前儿童
视力
流行病学
影响因素
北京
preschool-aged children
visual acuity
epidemiology
influencing factor
Beijing
