摘要
蒸散发是生态水文过程的关键环节,掌握蒸散组分的变化特征及其影响因子,对干旱半干旱地区的可持续发展至关重要。以荒漠草原多年生植物针茅群落和一年生植物猪毛蒿群落为研究对象,利用小型蒸渗仪开展了连续3年监测,分析了蒸散组分的日、月和年变化规律,探讨了影响蒸散组分的主要环境因子。结果表明:晴天时,多年生和一年生植物群落蒸散组分呈先增加后减小的抛物线型,夜间蒸散活动较弱,累积蒸散量较低,不足全天总累积蒸散量的20%;阴天时各蒸散组分无明显峰值,且日累积量均较小,一年生和多年生植物群落的蒸散量、蒸发量和蒸腾量无显著差异;10.64 mm/d及以上降雨对蒸散和蒸发的日变化具有明显影响,随着降雨量的增多,蒸散量和蒸发量也呈增大趋势,但蒸腾量则相对较小。从月动态来看,7—9月占全年蒸散量和蒸发量的一半左右,冬春季蒸散量和蒸发量维持在全年最低水平。年蒸散量与年降雨量接近,而蒸腾量占蒸散量的比例低于10%。总体来看,多年生植物群落蒸散量较一年生植物群落多。采用Mantel检验方法分析不同时间尺度影响蒸散组分的主要气候因素,在小时尺度上太阳辐射与蒸发量和蒸腾量显著性水平较高(P<0.01),但相关性较低(r<0.2);在日尺度上,蒸散量、蒸发量和蒸腾量与降雨量的显著性(P<0.01)和相关性(r≥0.4)均最高;而月尺度上,降雨量和降雨速率与蒸散量、蒸发量的相关性较高(0.2≤r<0.4),但显著性较低(P≥0.05)。因此,蒸散组分受环境因子的影响在不同时间尺度上具有较大差异,说明蒸散组分受多种因子共同影响。
Evapotranspiration is a key link of eco-hydrological process.It is very important for the sustainable development of arid and semi-arid areas to master the variation characteristics of evapotranspiration components and its main influencing factors.In this study,perennial(Stipa capillata)and annual(Artemisia.scoparia)plant communities in desert steppe of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were taken as the research objects and the small lysimeters were used to monitor the evapotranspiration for three years.The diurnal,monthly,and annual changes of evapotranspiration components were analyzed,and the main environmental factors affecting evapotranspiration components were discussed.The results showed that on sunny days,the evapotranspiration components of perennial and annual plant communities were parabolic,which firstly increased and then decreased.The nighttime evapotranspiration activity is weak,and the accumulated evapotranspiration is low,less than 20%of the total accumulated evapotranspiration for the whole day.There were no significant peaks for each evapotranspiration component during cloudy days,and all daily accumulations were small,with no significant differences in evapotranspiration,evapotranspiration and transpiration between the annual and perennial plant communities.The daily variation of evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration was significantly influenced by rainfall of 10.64 mm/d and above,and the trend of evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration increased with the increase of rainfall,but the transpiration was relatively small.In terms of monthly dynamics,evapotranspiration and evaporation are greater from July to September,accounting for about half of the year.And the evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration are maintained at the lowest level throughout the year in winter and spring.The annual evapotranspiration was closed to the annual rainfall,and the three-year average ratio of plant transpiration to evapotranspiration was less than 10%.In general,the evapotranspiration of perennial plant communities was higher than that of annual plant communities.The Mantel test was used to analyze the main climatic factors affecting evapotranspiration components at different time scales.It was found that solar radiation had a high level of significance with evaporation and transpiration on hourly scale(P<0.01),but a low correlation(r<0.2).On the daily scale,evapotranspiration,evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration had the highest significance(P<0.01)and correlation(r≥0.4)with rainfall.While on the monthly scale,the correlations of rainfall and rainfall rate with evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration were higher(0.2≤r<0.4)but less significant(P≥0.05).Therefore,the influence of evapotranspiration components by environmental factors has a large variation in different time scales,indicating that evapotranspiration components were influenced by a combination of factors.
作者
陈林
杨新国
王磊
宋乃平
郑松
吴梦瑶
CHEN Lin;YANG Xinguo;WANG Lei;SONG Naiping;ZHENG Song;WU Mengyao(College of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China(Ningxia University),Yinchuan 750021,China;Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwest China(Ningxia University),Ministry of Education,Yinchuan 750021,China;College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期330-342,共13页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
宁夏重点研发计划项目(2019BFG02022,2021BEG02005)
国家自然科学基金(31960359)
第三批宁夏青年科技人才托举工程项目(TJGC2018068)。
