摘要
【目的】我国是番茄生产大国,番茄秸秆废弃物产生量逐年增加,急需无害化处理和利用。试验将番茄秸秆进行高温好氧发酵形成有机肥料,在番茄种植底肥中添加不同用量番茄秸秆堆肥(TS),通过分析番茄幼苗生长、根系形态土壤养分含量变化,优化番茄堆肥施用方案,旨在探索番茄秸秆废弃物肥料化利用技术。【方法】采用盆栽的方法,按照堆肥与干土质量比,设置1%、2%、3%、4%添加量处理,分析定植30 d的番茄幼苗植株生长指标、根系形态指标和根际养分含量以及相关关系。【结果】相比不添加对照CK,1%添加量番茄秸秆堆肥(TS)处理的番茄幼苗株高、茎粗、全株干物质量和壮苗指数均显著低于CK,其根系在>5 mm径级范围内的根表面积、投影面积和根体积也低于CK。TS 2%处理能显著增加番茄幼苗根长、根体积和根表面积,降低根系平均直径,但对地上部生长和物质积累没有显著影响。3%TS和4%TS处理能够显著增加番茄幼苗植株株高、茎粗和全株干物质量的积累,二者之间没有显著差异,但3%TS处理在提高番茄幼苗根体积和根表面积上显著高于4%TS处理。径级范围在0~0.5 mm和0.5~2.0 mm的根系对番茄根系长度的贡献率最大,添加番茄秸秆堆肥处理能够增加<0.5 cm和0.5~2.0 mm径级范围的根系长度,增加0.5~2.0 mm径级范围的根表面积和投影面积,其中3%TS处理增加幅度最高。3%TS和4%TS处理能够提高番茄幼苗根际土壤全碳、全氮和速效养分含量,其中土壤速效磷养分含量增幅最高,冗余分析RDA表明土壤速效磷是影响番茄幼苗根系形态建成的关键土壤环境因子。【结论】在日光温室番茄生产中,在底肥中添加干质量比3%的番茄秸秆堆肥可显著改善土壤养分环境,增加番茄幼苗根系生物量,促进地上部物质积累。
[Objective]China is a major producer of tomatoes,the amount of tomato straw waste is increasing year by year,which calls urgently for the harmless treatment and utilization.The experiment involves high-temperature and aerobic fermentation of tomato straw to form organic fertilizer.Different amounts of tomato straw compost(TS)were added to the base fertilizer.By analyzing the response characteristics of tomato seedling growth and root morphology,an optimized application plan for tomato compost was formed.The aim is to explore the fertilizer utilization technology of tomato straw waste.[Method]According to the ratio of compost to dry soil,1%,2%,3%and 4%addition treatments were set up to analyze the plant growth index,root morphological index,rhizosphere nutrient content and correlation of tomato seedlings planted for 30 days.[Result]Compared with the control CK,the height,stem diameter,dry matter mass,and seedling strength index of tomato seedlings treated with 1%added tomato straw compost(TS)were significantly lower than those of CK,and their root surface area,projected area,and root volume were also lower than those of CK within the diameter range of>5 mm.The tomato straw compost treatments with an addition of 2%could significantly increase the root length,root volume,and root surface area of tomato seedlings,reduce the average root diameter,but have no significant effect on aboveground growth and material accumulation.The 3%TS and 4%TS treatments significantly increased the accumulation of plant height,stem diameter,and whole plant dry matter mass in tomato seedlings,and these was no significant difference between the two treatments in terms of these three indexes.However,the 3%TS treatment significantly increased the root volume and surface area of tomato seedlings compared with the 4%TS treatment.The root system with a diameter range of 0-0.5 mm and 0.5-2 mm had the highest contribution to the length of tomato root system.Adding tomato straw compost treatment could increase the root length within the diameter range of<0.5 cm and 0.5-2 mm,as well as the root surface area and projection area within the diameter range of 0.5-2 mm.Among them,the 3%TS treatment had the highest increase in root length.3%TS and 4%TS treatments could increase the total carbon,total nitrogen,and available nutrient content in the rhizosphere soil of tomato seedlings,with the highest increase in soil available phosphorus nutrient content.Redundancy analysis RDA showed that soil available phosphorus was a key soil environmental factor affecting the formation of tomato seedling root morphology.[Conclusion]For tomato production in solar greenhouse,adding 3%tomato straw compost to the base fertilizer can significantly improve the soil nutrient environment,increase root biomass,and promote the accumulation of plant substances.
作者
杨冬艳
王丹
桑婷
冯海萍
赵云霞
YANG Dongyan;WANG Dan;SANG Ting;FENG Haiping;ZHAO Yunxia(Institute of Horticulture,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China)
出处
《江西农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期60-67,共8页
Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31960592)
宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2021BBF02031)
宁夏回族自治区科技科技创新领军人才项目(2021GKLRLX11)。
关键词
番茄秸秆堆肥
番茄幼苗
根系形态
tomato straw compost
tomato seedling
root morphology
