摘要
加强村落尺度能源消费活动及其环境效应研究是实现农村能源可持续转型及绿色发展精细化治理的前提。但目前该领域存在明显知识空白,其原因在于缺乏基础数据和系统化数据采集体系及集成分析方法。基于对河南省邑西里村、杨家村以及山东省东桥头村的实地调研和半结构式访谈,采用定性和定量结合的方法开展能源消费活动及环境效应比较研究。结果表明:(1)村落尺度能源消费具有显著空间分异特征。邑西里村、杨家村和东桥头村人均能源消费量分别为505 kgce、889 kgce和1139 kgce;由能源消费产生的温室气体与污染物的种类分别为CO_(2)、CH_(4)、SO_(2)、N_(2)O、NO_(x)和TSP,单个家庭CO_(2)的产生量在2000—4000 kg;CH_(4)、SO_(2)、TSP和NO_(x)的排放量基本在1—5 kg;N_(2)O的排放量均在100 g以下。(2)居民生活环境和炊事供暖是影响村域能源消费的主要因素。其在邑西里村、杨家村和东桥头村的总用能占比分别为50.10%、79.08%和77.61%。(3)能源来源及消费结构具有明显的区位属性特征。杨家村距离市区较近,天然气成为当地居民的主要来源;邑西里村和东桥头村离市区较远,则以电力和煤炭为主。未来乡村地区的发展应该与当地的地域特征相结合,构建具有地方化特征的发展策略,实现农村能源的低碳健康发展。
Background,aim,and scope Strengthening the study of village-scale energy consumption activities and their environmental effects is the prerequisite foundation for sustainable transformation of rural energy and low carbon development.However,there are still obvious knowledge gaps exists,mainly due to the weakness in data collection system and integrated approach.Therefore,by developing the analysis of energy consumption structure and environmental effects at the village-scale,we can observe more intuitively and quantitatively the use of energy by human activities and the disturbance to the environment,which is a basis for the normal operation of the energy-environmental system,and thus provide data support and decision basis for improving the efficiency of energy use and for enhancing the benefits of the ecological environment.Materials and methods The data were obtained mainly from statistical yearbooks,literature and in-depth interviews.Based on the collation of information at the macroscopic scale,specific indicators for the study of village energy activities,such as the level of local economic development,energy production and consumption levels,were determined.For the collection of microscopic data,questionnaire surveys were conducted using participatory farm household assessment methods supplemented by semi-structured interviews,and two rounds of questionnaire surveys were conducted in April—May and October—November 2020.The total number of questionnaires for each research village was 30,40 and 84 respectively.And the analysis of energy consumption structure,environmental effects and energy-environmental material flow was carried out through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods.Results(1)In terms of energy consumption structure and usage,the types of energy consumption in Yixili Village are mainly electricity,liquefied gas and gasoline;Yangjia Village is mainly electricity and natural gas;Dongqiaotou Village is mainly electricity and coal.(2)In terms of energy and environmental effects,electricity is the main source of greenhouse gases and pollutants in the surveyed villages.The most abundant greenhouse gas is CO_(2).(3)The energy sources of the surveyed villages are mainly purchased from the outside world.In terms of energy use categories,they are mainly used for household appliances,cooking,heating and transportation.Discussion(1)The level of household energy consumption is closely related to influencing factors such as regional policies,household size,and geographic location.Yangjia Village is close to the urban area,which brings greater convenience to the promotion of natural gas.Yixili Village is far from the urban area and does not have natural gas in its household energy use structure.(2)In terms of standardized processing of energy data,the conversion coefficients of various types of energy and greenhouse gas and pollutant emission coefficients are accounted for by IPCC standards and relevant statistical yearbooks.However,by comparing with the data of related studies in the whole country and various provinces and regions,our findings are consistent with them.(3)Compared other regions of the country,the main categories of energy use are various in different regions,and the consumption of energy is mainly related to the local lifestyle and energy use habits,while the way of energy access also determines the types of local energy use.Conclusions(1)Energy consumption has significant spatial variation characteristics.The per capita energy consumption of Yixili,Yangjia and Dongqiaotou villages were 505 kgce,889 kgce and 1139 kgce,respectively.The types of greenhouse gases and pollutants generated by energy consumption are CO_(2),CH_(4),SO_(2),N_(2)O,NO_(x)and TSP.The CO_(2)production of a single household is about 2000—4000 kg;the emissions of CH_(4),SO_(2),TSP and NO_(x)are basically between 1—5 kg;N_(2)O emissions are below 100 g.(2)The living environment and cooking and heating needs of rural residents were the main factors affecting energy consumption.The proportions of energy use for cooking and heating needs in Yixili,Yangjia and Dongqiaotou villages were 50.10%,79.08%and 77.61%,respectively.(3)The source and structural characteristics of energy consumption have obvious geographical proximity.Due to the geographical location,Yangjia Village is closer to the urban area,and the popularity of natural gas has become the main source for local residents;Yixili Village and Dongqiaotou Village are farther away from the urban area,and electricity and coal are the main types of energy use for local residents.Recommendations and perspectives To promote energy transformation and village governance in village areas,we should pay attention to the influence of the natural environment,and promote the construction of carbon through the integration with regional characteristics and environmental nature using different strategies.In the future,we should strengthen the use of clean energy to build a green energy system,educate the public about the air pollution and health hazards caused by indoor combustion of coal,biomass and other fuels,and advocate the economical use of electricity in households to achieve the low-carbon and healthy development of rural energy.
作者
李宏庆
徐月萍
张丽华
赵冰玉
薛冰
LI Hongqing;XU Yueping;ZHANG Lihua;ZHAO Bingyu;XUE Bing(Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;Weifang Academy of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment,Weifang 261071,China;College of Geography and Environment,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250358,China)
出处
《地球环境学报》
CSCD
2023年第6期753-762,847,共11页
Journal of Earth Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41971166)
山东省人才计划(tsqn202103159)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA2307050305)。
关键词
乡村人地关系
能源地理
能源转型
低碳乡村
环境效应
rural human-land relationship
energy geography
energy transition
low carbon villages
environmental effects
