摘要
[目的]研究通过调整小麦种植密度构建高光能利用效率群体,促进群体氮素积累、分配和转运的效果和机理,为充分利用光能提高小麦产量提供理论依据。[方法]试验于2018—2019年在安徽省濉溪县和蒙城县进行,以分蘖能力强(安1302)和弱(皖垦麦0622)的品种为材料,设置180×10^(4)株/hm^(2) (D1)、240×10^(4)株/hm^(2)(D2)、300×10^(4)株/hm^(2)(D3)、360×10^(4)株/hm^(2) (D4)4个种植密度,调查了群体籽粒产量、光合有效辐射截获率和截获量、光合有效辐射转化率,以此为基础,将小麦群体分为光效率高、中、低3个类型,比较了不同光效率类型群体的叶面积指数、花前氮素积累和转运量、花后(乳熟期)氮素积累量。[结果]品种、密度及其互作效应显著影响小麦群体的光能利用率和籽粒产量。高光效型群体的光能利用率和籽粒产量分别达1.4%和9.7 t/hm^(2),分别比中、低效型群体提高5%、14%和1%、5%。不同群体间开花期、乳熟期光合有效辐射截获率、开花期至乳熟期光合有效辐射截获量差异不显著,高光效型群体开花期至乳熟期光合有效辐射转化率高于中、低效型群体,达2.34 g/MJ。高光效型群体开花期、乳熟期叶面积指数及开花期茎秆叶鞘、叶片、单位叶面积氮素积累量均不同程度高于其他类型群体,分别达7.24、4.53及63.9 kg/hm^(2)、79.5 kg/hm^(2)和143.78μg/cm^(2)。此外,高光效型群体中群体和单茎花前氮素转运量分别为129 kg/hm^(2)和15 mg,均显著高于中、低效型群体,主要为茎秆+叶鞘和叶片氮素转运量较高,各营养器官间氮素转运率差异不显著,且高光效型群体成熟期个体营养器官仍保持较高的氮素积累量。[结论]高光效型群体开花期茎秆+叶鞘、叶片以及单位叶面积氮素积累量高,提高了开花期的叶面积指数,有利于光能的吸收和利用。虽然高光效型群体茎秆+叶鞘和叶片中的氮素转运量较高,其花后营养器官的氮素积累量依然较高,有助于维持花后较大叶面积指数,有效提升花后光合有效辐射转化率,获得更高的小麦籽粒产量。
【Objectives】We constructed different types of radiation use efficient populations through the plant densities of wheat,and compared their N accumulation and transport characteristics before anthesis and the N accumulation after anthesis,to provide a theoretical base for improving wheat yield through efficient radiation use efficiency(RUE).【Methods】Field trials were conducted in Suixi and Mengcheng counties of Anhui Province in 2018-2019,the cultivar“An 1302”with strong tillering ability and“Wankenmai 0622”with weak tillering ability were employed as the test materials.Four plant densities:180×10^(4) plants/hm^(2)(D1),240×10^(4) plants/hm^(2)(D2),300×10^(4) plants/hm^(2)(D3),and 360×10^(4) plants/hm^(2)(D4)were set up for the investigation of yield,and the interception rate,amount,and photosynthetic conversion efficiency of active radiation at milk-ripening stage.According to these data,the wheat population was divided into high,moderate and low radiation use efficient types,denoted as H-,M-,and L-RUE,respectively.The N accumulation and translocation during anthesis stage,and the N accumulation and leaf area index at milk-ripening stage were compared among the three population types.【Results】Cultivar,density and their interaction significantly affected the RUE and grain yield.The RUE and grain yield of H-RUE population were 1.4%and 9.7 t/hm^(2),which were higher than those of M-and L-RUE by 5%and 14%,1%and 5%,respectively.The interception rate at anthesis and milk-ripe stages,and the interception amount of available radiation from anthesis to milk-ripe stages were not significantly different among the three population types,but the photosynthetic conversion efficiency of H-RUE was 2.34 g/MJ,which was higher than that of M-and L-RUE population.The H-RUE population had a higher leaf area index at anthesis(7.24)and milk-ripe stages(4.53),and higher N accumulation in stem&leaf sheath(63.9 kg/hm^(2)),leaves(79.5 kg/hm^(2)),and per unit leaf area(143.78μg/cm^(2))at anthesis,compared to the other population types.In addition,H-RUE population and the individual stem had similar translocation rate of N at pre-anthesis stage with the M-and L-RUE populations and the individual stems,but had significantly higher N translocation amount due to their higher N accumulation amount.The leaf area index of H-RUE population was significantly higher than the M-and L-RUE populations at anthesis and milk-ripening stage as well.【Conclusions】The wheat population with high radiation use efficiency could accumulate more N in stems&leaf sheaths,and leaves,and has higher N accumulation amount per unit leaf area before anthesis stage,in spite of higher translocation amount of N,the N accumulation in the vegetative organs is higher than those in the moderate and low radiation use efficiency populations,so the population maintains high leaf area index at anthesis and milk-ripening stage,which is inductive to the radiation conversion and the formation of yield.
作者
丁永刚
陈欢
曹承富
乔玉强
赵竹
李玮
张向前
杜世州
DING Yong-gang;CHEN Huan;CAO Cheng-fu;QIAO Yu-qiang;ZHAO Zhu;LI Wei;ZHANG Xiang-qian;DU Shi-zhou(Crop Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei,Anhui 230031,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期27-35,共9页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
安徽省自然科学基金项目(2108085QC111)
安徽省农业科学院青年英才项目
安徽省财政农业科技成果转化项目(2022ZH003)。
关键词
小麦
光能利用率
光能资源利用
氮素吸收
叶面积指数
产量
wheat
radiation utilization efficiency
radiation resources utilization
nitrogen uptake
leaf area index
yield
