摘要
酸性矿山排水(Acid Mine Drainage,AMD)污染是全球采矿业面临的重大环境挑战。通过构建煤矿全生命周期AMD成因与水质演化规律概念模型,在明晰AMD污染成因的基础上,进一步梳理了中国、美国、英国、澳大利亚和印度5国的赋煤特点,揭示了AMD污染特征及其关键影响因素。结果表明,在不同成煤环境、水岩作用及气候条件等因素的影响下,主要产煤国的煤矿AMD污染特征存在明显差异,尤其受煤中硫质量分数影响显著。中国华南赋煤区和美国东部含煤区在晚古生代石炭—二叠纪发育的海陆交互相高硫煤(硫质量分数>3%)产生富含高质量浓度硫酸盐和铁锰等重金属的强酸性AMD;而发育在三角洲平原环境下的赋煤区具有中-低硫煤特征,如美国西北含煤区的煤田产生低铁锰高硫酸盐的弱酸性或弱碱性AMD。英国的石炭纪低硫煤主要产生弱酸性或弱碱性AMD,其中一些矿区因海水倒灌导致采空区AMD具有高盐特征。澳大利亚和印度在晚古生代二叠纪发育河流三角洲相的低硫煤(硫质量分数<1%),这些地区主要产生硫酸盐和铁锰等重金属质量浓度较低的中性或弱碱性AMD,酸性的AMD仅在印度东北部的新生代高硫煤中产生。根据AMD的不同特征,提出了低成本、可持续的原位多技术协同治理与防控策略。
Major coal-producing countries have all experienced AMD pollution(acid mine drainage) which constitutes a global environmental challenge from the mining industry.Based on a constructed conceptual model for the origin of AMD and water quality evolution pattern under whole life cycles of coal mining,the occurrence characteristics of coal resources in major coal-producing countries are reviewed,and the AMD characteristics and key influencing factors are clarified.The results show that the characteristics of AMD in coal mines are influenced by coal-forming environments,water-rock interactions and climatic conditions,among which the sulfur in coal is a primary influencing factor.Coals in the Carboniferous to Permian coal-bearing strata of the Late Paleozoic Era in southern China and eastern United States are developed in alternating marine and terrestrial environments,containing high sulfur in coals( > 3%),and the AMD is highly acidic with elevated sulfate and metallic concentrations.Whereas the coal-bearing strata developed in the deltaic plain environments,such as those found in parts of China and in western USA,are characterized with medium sulfur in the coals and produce weakly acidic or alkaline AMD with relatively elevated sulfate concentrations;In the United Kingdom,the Carboniferous low-sulfur coal primarily produce weakly acidic or alkaline AMD,however,some areas may also experience high salinity due to seawater intrusion in the underground voids;Australia and India have the Permian fluvial delta environments with the coal-bearing strata that contain low sulfur content( < 1%) in the coals.the AMD in these areas is typically neutral or weakly alkaline with low concentrations of sulfate and iron;In northeastern India,acidic AMD is produced from the Cenozoic high-sulfur coal.To address the AMD with different characteristics,some low-cost and sustainable in-situ treatment multi-technologies are proposed for AMD treatment in abandoned coal mines.
作者
艾雨露
陈宏坪
陈梦舫
黄勇
韩占涛
刘国
高旭波
杨丽红
张文影
贾郁菲
李婧
AI Yulu;CHEN Hongping;CHEN Mengfang;HUANG Yong;HAN Zhantao;LIU Guo;GAO Xubo;YANG Lihong;ZHANG Wenying;JIA Yufei;LI Jing(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Earth Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Technical Centre for Soil,Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100012,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil&Water Pollution,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518055,China;Nanjing Kaiye Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210034,China)
出处
《煤炭学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第12期4521-4535,共15页
Journal of China Coal Society
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(42207093)
江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20210995)
江苏省“卓博计划”资助项目(2022ZB459)。
关键词
废弃煤矿
硫化矿物氧化
酸性矿山排水
水岩相互作用
被动生态治理
abandoned coal mines
oxidation of sulfide mineral
acid mine drainage
water-rock interaction
passive ecological restoration
