摘要
通过模拟盐碱农田灌溉洗盐过程,研究不同灌溉水量对土壤盐碱的改良效果和氮磷养分迁移规律的影响。试验采用室内土柱模拟的方法,设置200 mm(S1)、300 mm(S2)、400 mm(S3)3种不同灌水量,模拟了盐碱农田种植过程中的一次性大定额灌溉洗盐,并分析不同灌水量情况下土壤盐分和养分的迁移规律。试验结果显示:不同灌水量处理进行灌水淋溶后,土壤中的盐分、全氮、有效磷、硝态氮及铵态氮含量均明显降低,且在灌溉后这种降低的分布规律相似。3种灌水处理中,盐分和氮磷养分的溶脱率整体表现为S3>S2>S1。底层土壤中的S1和S2处理都会导致氮磷养分截留积累,而随着灌水量的增加氮磷养分截留积累的土层深度也会逐渐加深,但在高灌水量的S3处理中,整个土层中均发生了氮磷养分淋溶现象。在3种灌水量处理中的土壤淋溶液中,其氮磷浓度在整个淋溶周期中的变化规律表现为先增加后减小;在整个淋溶过程中,S3处理的淋溶液中全氮含量和全磷含量明显高于S2、S1灌水处理(p<0.05)。相关性分析显示,土壤盐分的迁移量与氮磷养分的迁移量呈显著正相关关系(p<0.05),不同氮磷养分之间的迁移量也均呈现出显著性关系(p<0.05)。灌溉对土壤表层的盐分和养分的影响最大,在3种灌水量处理中,300 mm灌水量可以有效降低土壤表层盐分,且减少氮磷流失的风险,为试验中盐碱农田灌溉较为适宜的水量。
The effects of different irrigation amounts on soil salinity improvement and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient migration were studied by simulating the salt-washing process of saline-alkali farmland.Using indoor soil column simulation method,three different irrigation amounts of 200 mm(S1),300 mm(S2)and 400 mm(S3)were set to simulate the one-time high-quota irrigation salt washing during the planting process of saline-alkali farmland,and the migration rules of soil salt and nutrients under different irrigation amounts were analyzed.The experimental results showed that:the contents of salt,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in soil were significantly decreased after irrigation under different irrigation water treatments,and the distribution of such decreases was similar after irrigation.In the three irrigation treatments,the dissolution and removal rates of salt and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients were S3>S2>S1.Both S1 and S2 treatments in the bottom soil will lead to the trapping and accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients,and the depth of the soil layer where nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are trapped and accumulated will gradually deepen with the increase of irrigation amount.However,in the S3 treatment with high irrigation amount,the leaching phenomenon of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients occurs in the entire soil layer.Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of soil leaching solutions in the three irrigation treatments increased first and then decreased during the whole leaching cycle.During the whole leaching process,the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the leaching solution of S3 treatment was significantly higher than that of S2 and S1 irrigation treatment(p<0.05).The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the migration amount of soil salt and the migration amount of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients(p<0.05),and the migration amount of different nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients also showed a significant relationship(p<0.05).Irrigation has the greatest influence on the salt and nutrients of the soil surface.Among the three irrigation water treatments,300 mm irrigation water can effectively reduce the soil surface salt and reduce the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus loss,which is the more suitable water amount for saline-alkali farmland irrigation in this experiment.
作者
牛旭昌
董晓亮
李际峰
周维芝
陈为峰
NIU Xu-chang;DONG Xiao-liang;LI Ji-feng;ZHOU Wei-zhi;CHEN Wei-feng(College of Resources and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,Shandong Province,China;Shandong Provincial Land Space and Ecological Restoration Center,Jinan 250014,China;Tai'an Land Space and Ecological Restoration Center,Tai'an 271099,Shandong Province,China;School of Civil Engineering,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2024年第2期41-47,61,共8页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
国家自然科学基金委员会—山东联合基金重点支持项目(U1906221)
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2022MC114)
山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2021CXGC010704)。
关键词
滨海盐碱地
灌溉水量
洗盐
土壤盐分
土壤养分
土壤改良
coastal saline-alkali land
irrigation quantity
wash the salt
soil salinity
soil nutrients
soil improvement
