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心理咨询保密豁免规则的立法构建

Legislative Construction of Confidentiality Exemption Rules in Psychological Counseling
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摘要 《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》首次对心理咨询人员的保密义务做出原则性规定,与《中华人民共和国民法典》等法律规范形成了框架,但实践要求下保密豁免情形尚未形成系统性规则。基于隐私权保护和专业信任关系,探讨心理咨询保密义务的来源,提出遵循来访者对隐私的自我决定和“权益位阶理论”下保密豁免的正当性。明确心理咨询人员在涉及公共安全等利益时负有配合调查义务,面临自然人生命健康可能遭受非法侵害时的预警和保护义务以及针对未成年人和成年心智障碍者的强制报告义务,以期促进保障隐私权益和周全更优位利益的平衡。 The paper discusses the legislative construction of confidentiality exemption rules in psychological counseling,particularly in the context of"Mental Health Law of the People's Republic of China".This law sets foundational principles for the confidentiality obligations of psychological counselors,aligning with legal norms such as the"Civil Code of the People's Republic of China".Despite this framework,there is a lack of systematic rules for confidentiality exemptions based on practical requirements.This paper emphasizes the protection of privacy rights and the trust relationships in the professional context.It suggests that confidentiality exemptions should be guided by an individual's self-determination of privacy and the legitimacy of exemptions under the"hierarchy of rights theory".The obligations of psychological counselors are outlined,including cooperation with investigations related to public safety,the duty to warn and protect against potential harm,and mandatory reporting obligations concerning minors and mentally disabled adults.The overarching aim is to strike a balance between safeguarding privacy rights and considering broader societal interests.
作者 任静 赵依凡 李筱永 REN Jing;ZHAO Yifan;LI Xiaoyong(School of Health Humanities,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China;School of Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)
出处 《医学与哲学》 北大核心 2024年第2期61-66,共6页 Medicine and Philosophy
基金 2022年北京市卫生健康委员会《北京市精神卫生条例》修订立法研究项目(2022SK000737)。
关键词 心理咨询 隐私权 保密义务 保密义务豁免 psychological counseling privacy rights confidentiality obligations confidentiality exemptions
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