摘要
当前,生命科技和人工智能等前沿科技的伦理风险日益引起国际社会的高度关切,我国的科技伦理治理正在走上制度化发展之路。为了更好地推进我国科技伦理治理工作,我们必须切实把握作为科技伦理治理重点的前沿科技的特征,揭示其所呈现出的一系列深层次伦理风险,从而进一步加强对科技社会系统的结构性特征的理解,探索和重构风险认知的底层逻辑。其一,充分认识新兴科技驱动的科技社会系统的革命性变化,以此理解前沿科技深层次伦理风险的结构性实质。其二,立足前沿科技伦理治理的开放性实践,将科技伦理的风险认知和规范视为相关群体不断更新的集体认知和工作假设。其三,强调前沿科技风险认知的系统性与可塑性,赋予科技和创新更大的可能性空间。由此,我们可以得出树立科学认知的伦理边界、设置合理的伦理法律门槛、形成具有开放性和整体性的治理机制、增进公众科技伦理素养以及遵循相称性原则等面向深层次科技伦理风险的预控和应对之道。
s:At present,the ethical risks of frontier science and technology,such as life science and technology and AI,have increasingly aroused great concern in the international community,and China's S&T ethical governance is embarking on the road of institutionalized development.To better promote China's ethical governance of science and technology,it is necessary to effectively grasp the characteristics of frontier science and technology as the focus of ethical governance of science and technology and reveal a series of deep ethical risks it presents.Thus,it is necessary to further strengthen the understanding of the structural characteristics of the sociotechnical system,and to explore and reconstruct the underlying logic of risk perception.Firstly,we should fully understand the revolutionary changes in the sociotechnical system driven by emerging science and technology,to understand the structural essence of the deep ethical risks of emerging technology.Secondly,based on the open practice of ethical governance of frontier science and technology,the risk cognition and ethical principles of science and technology are regarded as the collective cognition and working assumptions that are constantly updated by relevant groups.Thirdly,it emphasizes the systemic and plasticity nature of risk cognition in frontier science and technology,giving innovation a greater space of possibilities.As a result,we can find ways to prevent,control and cope with deep ethical risks of S&T,such as establishing ethical boundaries for scientific cognition,setting reasonable ethical and legal thresholds,forming an open and holistic governance mechanism,improving public S&T ethical literacy,and adhering to the principle of proportionality.
出处
《学术前沿》
北大核心
2024年第1期84-93,共10页
Frontiers
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“智能革命与人类深度科技化前景的哲学研究”的阶段性成果,项目编号:17ZDA028
关键词
科技伦理
科技伦理治理
深度科技化
深层次伦理风险
系统思维
ethics of science and technology
ethics and governance of science and technology
deep technologization
deep ethical risks
systems thinking
