摘要
自然流淌的支流在维持建坝河流水生生物多样性中起着重要作用。补远江是澜沧江下游的重要一级支流,保持了较为天然的河流状态,人类活动干扰相对较少,是流域土著鱼类保护区和水生生物重要栖息地。在澜沧江流域水电开发的背景下,掌握补远江大型底栖动物群落结构的时空分布及其影响因素,对澜沧江乃至西南河流的水生生物多样性保护和恢复具有重要参考意义。于2019年4月(旱季)和2019年10月(雨季)对补远江的大型底栖动物进行了详细调查,共检出大型底栖动物150个分类单元,隶属于5门7纲68科,其中水生昆虫121种,软体动物20种,蛭类3种,寡毛类2种,甲壳类2种,涡虫、线虫各1种。毛翅目和蜉蝣目为全流域优势类群。补远江底栖动物密度和生物量在旱季和雨季均表现为上游大于中下游,物种丰富度和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在雨季显著高于旱季。功能摄食类群中,滤食者(41.09%)和收集者(31.81%)占绝对优势,其次为刮食者(11.00%)、捕食者(11.21%),撕食者(4.89%)较少。Mantel检验分析表明,河宽(RW)、硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)、化学需氧量(COD Mn)是影响补远江大型底栖动物群落结构的主要环境因子;不同功能摄食类群所受到的环境影响因素不同。生物指数(BI)和生物监测工作组记分(BMWP)系统评价显示,补远江大部分样点处于良好及以上水平,少数样点处于中等及以下水平,总体水生态状况良好。
Free flowing tributaries are important for maintaining of the aquatic biodiversity in dammed systems.As an important first-class tributary of the lower reaches of the Lancang River,the Buyuan River maintains a relatively natural state with little anthropogenic disturbance,serving as an important habitat for indigenous fish and aquatic organisms of the Lancang River basin.In the context of hydropower development in the basin,knowledge on the spatio-temporal distribution of macroinvertebrate community in Buyuan River and its influencing factors are of great significance to the biodiversity conservation and restoration of the Lancang River and the rivers in southern China.To address these issues,a detailed survey on macroinvertebrate in the Buyuan River was conducted in April 2019(dry season)and October 2019(rainy season).As a result,a total of 150 macroinvertebrate taxa were detected,belonging to 5 phyla,7 classes and 68 families,including 121 aquatic insect species,20 mollusca species,3 leeches,2 oligochaetes,2 crustaceans,and 1 planaria and 1 nematode.Trichoptera and ephemeroptera were dominant taxa groups in the whole basin.The density and biomass of macroinvertebrate species in the upper reaches of Buyuan River were higher than those in its middle and lower reaches in both the dry and rainy seasons.The species richness and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index was significantly higher in the rainy season than in the dry season.Among the functional feeding groups,the filter-collectors(41.09%)and gather-collectors(31.81%)dominated,followed by the scrapers(11.00%),predators(11.21%)and shredders(4.89%).Mantel test showed that river width(RW),NO_(3)^(-)-N and chemical oxygen demand(COD Mn)were the main environmental factors affecting the diversity of macroinvertebrate fauna in Buyuan River.Meanwhile,different functional feeding groups were affected by different environmental factors.The evaluation of biological index and biological monitoring working party showed that most sample sites in Buyuan River were at the good level and above(only a few sites as medium level and below),and the overall water ecological condition was good.
作者
鲍思敏
张凯
丁城志
陶捐
王军
Bao Simin;Zhang Kai;Ding Chengzhi;Tao Juan;Wang Jun(College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,P.R.China;Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,P.R.China)
出处
《湖泊科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期536-547,共12页
Journal of Lake Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41907400)
中国博士后科学基金项目(2019M663583)
云南省应用基础研究计划(2019FB131)联合资助。
关键词
补远江
澜沧江湄公河
大型底栖动物
群落结构
功能摄食类群
Buyuan River
Lancang-Mekong River
macroinvertebrate
community structure
functional feeding groups
