摘要
本试验旨在研究麦麸(WB)和甜菜粕(SBP)对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标、肠道通透性和粪便微生物的影响。选取75头28日龄平均体重为(8.25±0.83)kg、健康的三元(杜×长×大)杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为5个组,每组5个重复,每个重复3头猪。5个组分别饲喂基础饲粮(CON组)、4%和8%WB替代基础饲粮的饲粮(WB4组和WB8组)以及4%和8%SBP替代基础饲粮的饲粮(SBP4组和SBP8组)。试验期28 d,分为第1~14天和第15~28天2个阶段。测定每头猪初始体重、第14天和第28天体重及试验期间耗料量,在试验结束时采集血液样本进行血清指标的测定,试验第14天和28天采集直肠粪便样品进行16S rRNA测序。结果表明:1)试验第1~14天,与WB4组相比,SBP8组断奶仔猪平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)SBP8组血清总胆固醇含量显著低于WB8组(P<0.05)。3)SBP4组血清二胺氧化酶活性极显著低于WB4组和WB8组(P<0.01);与CON组和WB8组相比,SBP4组和SBP8组血清内毒素含量极显著降低(P<0.01);与CON组和SBP4组相比,SBP8组血清D-乳酸含量显著降低(P<0.05)。4)SBP4组和SBP8组血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)含量极显著低于CON组(P<0.01);SBP8组血清白细胞介素-10含量极显著高于CON组和WB4组(P<0.01);SBP8组血清肿瘤坏死因子-α含量极显著低于WB4组、WB8组和SBP4组(P<0.01);与CON组和WB4组相比,SBP4和SBP8组血清免疫球蛋白G含量极显著提高(P<0.01)。5)试验第14天,SBP4组和SBP8组粪便微生物群落Simpson指数显著低于CON组(P<0.05)。线性判别分析效应大小(LEfSe)分析结果发现,试验第14天,粪球菌属(Coprococcus)在SBP8组中显著富集(P<0.05);试验第28天,毛螺菌科NK4A136群(Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group)在SBP8组中显著富集(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明,粪便未分类毛螺菌科(unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae)相对丰度与血清IL-1β含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。综上所述,8%SBP替代基础饲粮可以提高断奶仔猪生长性能,增强机体免疫功能和肠道屏障功能,并通过调节肠道菌群结构,提高有益菌丰度,促进肠道健康。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of wheat bran(WB)and sugar beet pulp(SBP)on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,intestinal permeability and fecal microorganisms of weaned piglets.A total of 75 healthy Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire crossbred weaned piglets with an average body weight of(8.25±0.83)kg at the age of 28 days were randomly divided into 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 3 pigs per replicate.Pigs in the five groups were fed a basal diet(CON group),diets in which 4%and 8%WB replaced with the basal diet(WB4 and WB8 groups),and diets in which 4%and 8%SBP replaced with the basal diet(SBP4 and SBP8 groups),respectively.The experiment lasted for 28 days,which was divided into two stages as days 1 to 14 and days 15 to 28.The initial body weight of each pig,body weight on days 14 and 28 and feed consumption during the experiment were determined,the blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment for the determination of serum indices,and the rectal fecal samples were collected on days 14 and 28 for 16S rRNA sequencing.The results showed as follows:1)from days 1 to 14 of the experiment,compared with WB4 group,the average daily gain of weaned piglets in SBP8 group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the ratio of feed to gain was significantly decreased(P<0.05).2)The serum total cholesterol content in SBP8 group was significantly lower than that in WB8 group(P<0.05).3)The serum diamine oxidase activity in SBP4 group was extremely significantly lower than that in WB4 and WB8 groups(P<0.01);compared with CON group and WB8 group,the serum endotoxin content in SBP4 and SBP8 groups was extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01);compared with CON group and SBP4 group,the serum D-lactic acid content in SBP8 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).4)The serum interleukin-1β(IL-1β)content in SBP4 and SBP8 groups was extremely significantly lower than that in CON group(P<0.01);the serum interleukin-10 content in SBP8 group was extremely significantly higher than that in CON group and WB4 group(P<0.01);the serum tumor necrosis factor-αcontent in SBP8 group was extremely significantly lower than that in WB4,WB8 and SBP4 groups(P<0.01);compared with CON group and WB4 group,the serum immunoglobulin G content in SBP4 and SBP8 groups was extremely significantly increased(P<0.01).5)On day 14,the Simpson index of fecal microbial community in SBP4 and SBP8 groups was significantly lower than that in CON group(P<0.05).Linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe)analysis showed that on day 14,Coprococcus was significantly enriched in SBP8 group(P<0.05);on day 28,Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group was significantly enriched in SBP8 group(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae relative abundance of in feces was significantly negatively correlated with the serum IL-1βcontent(P<0.05).In conclusion,8%SBP replacement of the basal diet can improve the growth performance of weaned piglets,enhance the immune function and intestinal barrier function,and improve the abundance of beneficial bacteria by regulating the structure of intestinal flora,and promote intestinal health.
作者
刘宁
刘攀
郎育杰
卢小斌
褚瑰燕
曾祥芳
谯仕彦
蔡传江
LIU Ning;LIU Pan;LANG Yujie;LU Xiaobin;CHU Guiyan;ZENG Xiangfang;QIAO Shiyan;CAI Chuanjiang(College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期833-846,共14页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1300501)。
关键词
断奶仔猪
纤维
生长性能
血清生化指标
肠道通透性
粪便微生物
weaned piglets
fiber
growth performance
serum biochemical indices
intestinal permeability
fecal microorganisms
