摘要
本试验旨在研究蒲公英水提物(DWE)对热应激条件下奶牛产奶性能、血清生化指标、乳中体细胞数(SCC)及粪便微生物多样性的影响,探究奶牛饲粮中适宜的蒲公英水提物添加水平。试验选用120头泌乳日龄、体重、胎次、产奶量均相近的产奶期荷斯坦奶牛,采用完全随机试验设计原则分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复8头牛。对照组(DZ组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加50(DWE_(50)组)和70 g/(头·d)(DWE70组)的蒲公英水提物。预试期3 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:1)正试期内,牛舍日平均温湿度指数(THI)>72,表明试验奶牛均处于热应激状态。2)与DZ组相比,DWE_(50)组、DWE70组的第14、21、28天时产奶量显著增加(P<0.05);DWE_(50)组的第21、28天乳蛋白率显著增加(P<0.05),第28天乳脂率显著增加(P<0.05);DWE70组的第7、14、21、28天乳蛋白率显著增加(P<0.05),第14、21、28天乳脂率显著增加(P<0.05)。3)第28天,与DZ组相比,DWE_(50)组的血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著升高(P<0.05),DWE70组的血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、GSH-Px活性及T-AOC显著升高(P<0.05),DWE_(50)组、DWE70组的血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。4)第28天,与DZ组相比,DWE_(50)组的血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著升高(P<0.05),DWE70组的血清球蛋白(GLB)含量著升高(P<0.05)。5)与DZ组相比,DWE_(50)组、DWE70组的乳中SCC均呈下降趋势,DWE70组的乳中SCC下降较为迅速,且第28天乳中SCC更低。6)在门水平上,各组粪便优势菌门均为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes);在属水平上,各组粪便相对丰度最大菌属均为拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)。线性判别分析效应大小(LEfSe)分析结果显示,DWE70组较其他组具有显著差异的物种更多,主要为梭状芽孢杆菌纲(Clostridia)、梭状芽孢杆菌目(Clostridiales)、厚壁菌门等。综上所述,饲粮中添加蒲公英水提物可提高奶牛产奶量、乳蛋白率、乳脂率,降低乳中SCC,增加粪便微生物多样性及相对丰度,正向调节机体抗氧化能力和免疫功能。
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of dandelion water extract(DWE)on milk production performance,serum biochemical indexes,milk somatic cell count(SCC)and fecal microbial diversity of dairy cows under heat stress,and to explore the dietary appropriate supplemental level of dandelion water extract of dairy cows.A complete random experiment design was adopted in this experiment,a total of 120 Holstein cows with similar lactation age,body weight,parity and milk yield were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 replicates in each group and 8 cows in each replicate.Dairy cows in the control group(DZ group)were fed a basal diet,and others in experimental groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 50(DWE_(50) group)and 70 g/(cow·d)(DWE 70 group)dandelion water extract,respectively.The adaptation period lasted for 3 days,and the formal period lasted for 28 days.The results showed as follows:1)the daily average temperature-humidity index(THI)was above 72 during the formal period,indicating that the test cows were in a state of heat stress.2)Compared with DZ group,the milk yield of DWE_(50) group and DWE 70 group was significantly increased on days 14,21 and 28(P<0.05);the milk protein rate of DWE_(50) group was significantly increased on days 21 and 28(P<0.05),and the milk fat rate was significantly increased on day 28(P<0.05);the milk protein rate of DWE 70 group was significantly increased on days 7,14,21 and 28(P<0.05),and the milk fat rate was significantly increased on days 14,21 and 28(P<0.05).3)On day 28,compared with DZ group,the serum glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)of DWE_(50) group were significantly increased(P<0.05),the serum superoxide dismutase(SOD),GSH-Px activities and T-AOC of DWE 70 group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the serum MDA content of DWE_(50) group and DWE 70 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).4)On day 28,compared with DZ group,the serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)content of DWE_(50) group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the serum globulin(GLB)content of DWE 70 group was significantly increased(P<0.05).5)Compared with DZ group,the milk SCC of DWE_(50) group and DWE 70 group showed a downward trend,the milk SCC of DWE 70 decreased rapidly,and the final milk SCC was lower.6)At the phylum level,the dominant phyla in each group were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes.At the genus level,the genera with the highest relative abundance in each group were all Bacteroides.The linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe)analysis results showed that the DWE 70 group had more species with significant differences compared with other groups,mainly Clostridia,Clostridiales and Firmicutes,et al.To sum up,dietary adding dandelion water extract can increase the milk yield,milk protein rat and milk fat rate of dairy cows,reduce the milk SCC,increase the diversity and relative abundance of fecal microbiota,and positively regulate the body’s antioxidant capacity and immune function.
作者
李赵嘉
孟然
杨文娇
冯薇
李名雪
陈志颖
王秀萍
毛立娟
陈娜
LI Zhaojia;MENG Ran;YANG Wenjiao;FENG Wei;LI Mingxue;CHEN Zhiying;WANG Xiuping;MAO Lijuan;CHEN Na(Hebei Research Center of Saline Alkali Land Greening Engineering Technology,Tangshan Key Laboratory of Plant Salt Tolerance Research,Tangshan Dandelion Engineering Technology Research Center,Institute of Coastal Agricultural,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Caofeidian 063200,China;Heibei Yeast Technology Innovation Center,Tangshan Top Bio Technology Co.,Ltd.,Kaiping 063000,China;Hebei Taoshengtang Agricultural Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Shexian 056400,China;Corrun(Tangshan)Biotech Co.,Ltd.,Qian’an 064400,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
2024年第2期1003-1019,共17页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
河北省省级科技计划项目(重点研发计划项目)(21322918D)
唐山市科技计划项目(19150202E)
河北省农林科学院科技创新专项课题(2022KJCXZX-BHS-4)
河北省国际科技合作专项(19392507D)
对发展中国家科技援助项目(KY201904005)。
关键词
蒲公英水提物
产奶性能
抗氧化能力
免疫功能
体细胞数
粪便微生物多样性
dandelion water extract
milk production performance
antioxidant capacity
immune function
somatic cell count
fecal microbial diversity
