摘要
本试验以平菇菌糠(P.SMS)为主要原料,以枯草芽孢杆菌(BS)和植物乳杆菌(LP)为发酵菌种,旨在优化发酵参数并为生产品质优良的平菇菌糠饲料提供理论依据。试验采用单因素和正交试验设计,将常规营养指标、干物质损失率、pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)含量作为评价指标,结合改进逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS),探究发酵因素的最适范围(玉米粉添加量5%、10%、15%;菌液接种量12%、16%、20%;物料含水量70%、80%、90%;发酵时间7、10和13 d;BS和LP菌种比例1∶1、2∶1、3∶1;发酵温度25、37、45℃),并通过六因素三水平[L_(18)(3^(6))]正交试验探究玉米粉添加量、菌液接种量、物料含水量、发酵时间、BS和LP菌种比例、发酵温度对复合菌固态发酵平菇菌糠饲料中粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量,干物质损失率,pH及NH3-N、乳酸(LA)、乙酸(AA)、丙酸(PA)、丁酸(BA)含量的影响,用综合评分进一步优化发酵参数,并对最优发酵参数组合进行验证。结果表明:在平菇菌糠最佳发酵参数组合下CP、EE、NDF、ADF含量,干物质损失率,pH及NH3-N含量分别为8.33%、7.26%、31.34%、22.15%,6.12%,4.56,6.56%,LA、AA、PA、BA含量分别为8.23、2.87、0.16和0.09 mmol/L,相比于平菇菌糠原料,CP和EE含量分别增加了34.14%和19.41%,NDF和ADF含量分别降低了40.38%和44.47%。综上所述,在本试验条件下,平菇菌糠最佳发酵参数为:玉米粉添加量10%、菌液接种量16%、物料含水量80%、发酵时间7 d、BS和LP菌种比例2∶1、发酵温度25℃(室温)。
Pleurotusostreatus spent mushroom substrate(P.SMS)was used as a main raw material and Bacillus subtilis(BS)and Lactobacillus plantarum(LP)were used as fermentation strains in order to optimize fermentation parameter and it provides a theoretical basis for the production of high quality P.SMS feed.Single factor experiment design and orthogonal experiment design were used in the experiment.The nutrient composition,dry matter loss rate,pH,ammonia nitrogen(NH 3-N)content.were used as evaluation indexes,and combining with the improved TOPSIS method,single factor test was adopted.The optimum range of fermentation factors was explored(corn flour addition amount were 5%,10%,15%;inoculated amount of bacterial solution were 12%,16%,20%;material water content were 70%,80%,90%;fermentation time were 7,10 and 13 d;the ratio of bacteria BS to LP were 1∶1,2∶1,3∶1;fermentation temperature were 25,37,45℃).Six factors and three levels L_(18)(3^(6))orthogonal test was used to explore the effects of corn flour addition amount,inoculation amount of bacterial solution,material water content,fermentation time,ratio of bacteria BS and LP,fermentation temperature on crude protein(CP),crude fat(EE),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF)contents,DM loss rate,pH,NH 3-N,lactic acid(LA),acetic acid(AA),propionic acid(PA)and butyric acid(BA)contents in P.SMS feed by solid-state fermentation of compound probiotics.Fermentation parameters were further optimized by comprehensive score and the optimal fermentation parameter combination was verified.The results showed that under the optimum fermentation parameters combination of P.SMS,CP,EE,NDF,ADF contents,DM loss rate,pH and NH 3-N content were 8.33%,7.26%,31.34%,22.15%,6.12%,4.56 and 6.56%,respectively,and LA,AA,PA and BA contents were 8.23,2.87,0.16 and 0.09 mmol/L,respectively.Compared with oyster P.SMS raw material,CP and EE contents increased by 34.14% and 19.41%,NDF and ADF contents decreased by 40.38% and 44.47%,respectively.In summary,under the conditions of this experiment,the optimal fermentation parameter of oyster P.SMS raw material were as follows:the corn flour addition amount of 10%,inoculation amount of bacterial solution of 16%,material water content of 80%,fermentation time of 7 days,the ratio of bacteria BS to LP of 2∶1,fermentation temperature of 25℃(room temperature).
作者
张立东
段平平
李昌昌
胡丽红
陆牡龙
许贵善
ZHANG Lidong;DUAN Pingping;LI Changchang;HU Lihong;LU Mulong;XU Guishan(College of Animal Science and Technology,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China;Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology,Alar 843300,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期1277-1291,共15页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
塔里木大学校长基金(TDZKYB202303)
塔里木大学研究生科研创新项目(TDGRI202131)
兵团科技发展专项(2018DA001-1)。
