摘要
实验室发展的三个历史阶段可分为:“制造知识”阶段,十七世纪科学社团将实验带入新的科学共同体之中,实验室成为科学知识生产的重要场所;“应用科学”阶段,资本主义生产方式的确立及其在全球范围内寻求世界市场的需求是实验室扩散的重要原因,科学生产的普及化训练推动了实验室与经济社会发展的互动;“培育创新”阶段,二十世纪以来两次世界大战及美苏争霸促使实验室成为国家参与国际竞争的“秘密武器”,重大基础研究的成功与新科学的发展推动世界顶尖研究机构建设全球一流国家级实验室。基于实验室史,我国需要加大力度投资国家级实验室建设,完善实验室管理体制与科研评价机制,关注学生培养及科研训练。
It is possible to separate the historical development of laboratories into the following three phases:the phase of“manufacturing knowledge”,in which scientific societies introduced experiments into the nascent scientific community in the 17th century and laboratories have taken on significant importance in the generation of new scientific knowledge;the phase of“applied science”,in which the establishment of the capitalist mode of production and its need to pursue the global market became an important reason for the development of laboratories,and the dissemination of scientific production training encouraged the interactions between laboratories and the advancement of the society and economy;and the phase of“fostering innovation”,in which the two world wars,as well as the rivalry between the USA and the USSR since the 20th century,has converted the laboratory into a“secret weapon”for nations competing for international dominance,and the success of important basic research and the development of new science has encouraged top research institutions to establish world-class national laboratories.By reviewing the development history of laboratory,we can learn from the study that China needs to invest more in the creation of national laboratories,improve the management system for laboratories and the mechanism for evaluating research,and focus on student cultivation and scientific research training.
作者
鲁世林
李侠
LU Shilin;LI Xia(Department of History of Science,Technology and Medicine,Peking University,Beijing,100871;School of History and Culture of Science,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,200240)
出处
《自然辩证法通讯》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第1期75-82,共8页
Journal of Dialectics of Nature
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“人工智能伦理风险防范研究”(项目编号:20&ZD041)。
关键词
原始创新
基础研究
实验室
实验
Original innovation
Basic research
Laboratory
Experiment
