摘要
为探索豫东地区芝麻与大豆带状间作的高产与利用机械化实现高效收获的田间配置技术,以商芝189和商豆151为供试材料,以芝麻、大豆为对照,采用二因素裂区试验设计,设置2种带宽(A1、A2)、4种大豆种植密度(D1~D4),综合分析了不同处理对芝麻—大豆带状间作系统中群体产量、农艺性状及种植效益的影响。结果表明:带宽对大豆光合特性和生物性状的影响不显著,大豆产量受其种植密度的影响更显著。随着间作大豆种植密度的增加,大豆群体光合产物的合成受到抑制,植株干物质积累减少。大豆的净光合速率和产量均呈先升高后下降的趋势,其中以D3处理的光合速率和产量最佳。在2.4 m带宽下,各生育期D4处理的LAI均值较D1、D2、D3处理的分别提高了15.95%、9.15%、2.54%,LAI的增长速率随种植密度的增大而逐渐下降。芝麻的生物性状和干物质积累与带宽紧密相关,随着带宽的增加,芝麻的株高升高了3.42%,千粒重和蒴粒数分别下降了5.76%和5.60%,芝麻籽粒干重的增长速率降低,产量下降了11.00%。芝麻和大豆间作各处理的土地当量比均大于1,以A1D3间作配置的LER最大,为1.37,此时芝麻大豆间作体系可获得最大经济效益(41168.50元/hm2)。综上,豫东地区气候条件下,在带宽为2.4 m、间作大豆种植密度为24万株/hm2的田间配置下,有利于芝麻大豆间作体系群体经济效益的提高和实现机械化的高效收获。
In order to explore the field allocation technology of high yield of sesame and soybean strip intercropping and efficient harvest by mechanization in eastern Henan Province,Shangzhi 189 and Shangdou 151 were used as experimental subjects,and sesame single cropping and soybean single cropping were used as controls.The effects of two bandwidths(A1~A2)of sesame and soybean and the planting density of four soybeans(D1~D4)on population yield,agronomic traits and planting benefits were analyzed by two-factor split plot design.The results showed that the effect of bandwidth on photosynthetic characteristics and biological traits of soybean was not significant,and the effect of soybean density on soybean yield was more significant.With the increase of intercropping soybean density,the synthesis of photosynthetic products in soybean population was inhibited,and the accumulation of dry matter in plants decreased.The net photosynthetic rate and yield increased first and then decreased,and the photosynthetic rate and yield of D3 were the best.Under the 2.4 m bandwidth,the mean LAI value of D4 treatment at each growth stage increased by 15.95%,9.15%and 2.54%compared with D1,D2 and D3 treatments,respectively,and the growth rate of LAI gradually decreased with the increase of density.The biological traits and dry matter accumulation of sesame were closely related to the bandwidth.With the increase of bandwidth,the sesame plant height increased by 3.42%,and the 1000-grain weight and capsule number of sesame decreased by 5.76%and 5.60%,respectively.The increase rate of sesame seed dry weight decreased,which resulted in the yield decreased by 11.00%.The land equivalent ratio(LER)of each treatment of sesame and soybean intercropping was greater than 1,and the maximum appeared in A1D3(1.37),and the economic benefit was the largest at this time,which was 41168.50 yuan/hm2.In conclusion,under the climatic conditions in eastern Henan,the field configuration with a bandwidth of 2.4 m and a density of 240,000 plants/hm2 of intercropping soybean is conducive to the high yield of sesame and soybean intercropping system and the realization of mechanized and efficient harvest.
作者
吕树立
丁芳
LYU Shu-li;DING Fang(Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shangqiu 476000,China)
出处
《江西农业学报》
CAS
2023年第12期9-16,共8页
Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi
基金
河南省科技攻关项目(212102110371)
河南省农科系统协同创新合力发展工程(2020CX02)
商丘市农林科学院科技攻关基金项目(2021006.2)。
关键词
芝麻—大豆带状间作
带宽
密度
光合特性
经济效益
Sesame-soybean strip intercropping
Bandwidth
Density
Photosynthetic characteristics
Economic benefit
