摘要
【目的】水稻是人类重要的粮食作物之一。水资源短缺是限制传统水稻生产发展的因素之一。在保证水稻产量稳产优产的同时,提高水分利用率对我国水资源高效利用具有重要意义。旱直播作为一种精简化的种植模式,与常规的移栽稻相比,可以省时、省力和减少灌溉用水量,提高水分利用率。干湿交替灌溉是指在水稻生长发育过程中,以保持一定水层和自然落干相互交替为特征,是有效减少灌溉水用量的一种节水栽培技术,对维持粮食生产和节约农业用水具有重要意义。研究旱直播下不同水分管理方式对水分利用率、农艺性状、抗氧化酶与渗透调节物质、光合物质生产与转运、非结构性碳水化合物代谢等方面的影响,探讨不同水分管理方式下水稻产量和品质的差异,为水稻旱直播节水栽培种植体系提供理论基础。【方法】将旱直播与干湿交替灌溉相结合,以吉玉粳为试验材料,于2021年和2022年进行盆栽试验,在旱直播下设置3个不同水分管理方式:常规水分管理(D1)、干湿交替灌溉(D2,土壤水势为0 kPa复水)、干湿交替灌溉(D3,土壤水势为-15 kPa时复水)。【结果】与常规灌溉相比,干湿交替灌溉可以增加有效分蘖的产生,增加水稻灌浆前叶片的生理活性,提高了茎鞘中非结构性碳水化合物向籽粒转运,增加了水稻籽粒灌浆时SuS、AGP、StS和SBE的酶活性,提高了每穗粒数和结实率,提高旱直播水稻产量与改善品质。【结论】干湿交替灌溉土壤水势为-15 kPa时效果最佳。
[Objective]Rice is one of the important food crops for human beings.Water shortage is one of the factors limiting the development of traditional rice production.While ensuring stable and excellent rice production,improving water utilization is of great significance to the efficient use of water resources in China.Compared with conventional transplanted rice,dry direct seeding is a streamlined planting mode,which can save time and labor,reduce irrigation water consumption,and improve water utilization.Characterized by maintaining a certain water layer and natural drying alternately,alternating wet and dry irrigation is a water�saving cultivation technology to effectively reduce the amount of irrigation water,which is of great significance to maintain food production and save agricultural water.The effects of different water management methods on water utilization,agronomic traits,antioxidant enzymes and osmoregulatory substances,photosynthetic substance production and transport,and nonstructural carbohydrate metabolism under dry direct seeding were investigated,and the differences in rice yield and quality under different water management methods were explored to provide a theoretical basis for rice dry direct seeding water-saving cultivation cropping system.[Method]In this experiment,dry direct seeding was combined with dry and wet alternate irrigation,and pot trials using Jiyu Japonica as the test material were conducted in 2021 and 2022.Three different water management methods were set up under dry direct seeding:conventional water management(D1),alternate wet and dry irrigation(D2,rehydration at a soil water potential of 0 kPa)and alternate wet and dry irrigation(D3,rehydration at a soil water potential of-15 kPa).[Result]The results of this experiment indicate,compared with conventional irrigation,alternating wet and dry irrigation increased the production of effective tillers,the physiological activity of rice leaves before filling and the transfer of non-structural carbohydrates from the stem sheath to the seeds.It also increased the enzyme activities of SuS,AGP,StS and SBE in rice seeds at filling,the number of grains per spike and the fruit set rate,and improved the yield of dry-seeded rice.[Conclusion]The optimal results are obtained when the soil water potential is-15 kPa under alternating wet and dry irrigation.
作者
耿欣宇
刘月月
张强
郭丽颖
耿艳秋
桑梦祥
王金陆
王昊
宋春澎
杨宏森
邵玺文
GENG Xinyu;LIU Yueyue;ZHANG Qiang;GUO Liying;GENG Yanqiu;SANG Mengxiang;WANG Jinlu;WANG Hao;SONG Chunpeng;YANG Hongsen;SHAO Xiwen(College of Agriculture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)
出处
《江西农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期1331-1346,共16页
Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis
基金
吉林省重大科技专项(20230302008NC)。
关键词
水稻
旱直播
干湿交替灌溉
产量
品质
rice
dry direct seeding
alternating wet and dry irrigation
yield
quality
