摘要
研究不同品种磷肥在低磷红壤上的吸收利用对合理选择磷肥品种、提高红壤磷肥利用效率、减少红壤磷的固定具有重要意义。基于西南典型低磷红壤的两年田间定位试验和盆栽试验,研究施用不同品种磷肥[不施磷(CK);普通过磷酸钙(SSP);磷酸一铵(MAP);磷酸二铵(DAP);钙镁磷肥(CMP)]对玉米产量、磷吸收、磷分配和磷利用效率的影响。结果表明,田间试验和盆栽试验发现在低磷红壤上,不同施磷品种间,SSP处理的玉米产量、生物量和收获指数最高,较MAP、DAP和CMP处理玉米产量平均增加53.1%、37.5%和50.1%,生物量平均增加32.0%、21.4%和30.9%,收获指数平均增加15.6%、12.8%和14.1%。施用不同品种磷肥均显著增加玉米磷累积量、各器官(秸秆、叶片和籽粒)磷吸收量和玉米磷收获指数,其中,施用SSP处理的玉米磷累积量较MAP、DAP和CMP处理平均增加32.6%、48.2%和39.5%,玉米磷收获指数在2019年平均增加22.7%,盆栽试验中平均增加13.7%。玉米磷素利用效率总体表现为SSP>CMP>DAP>MAP,SSP较MAP、DAP和CMP处理玉米磷肥利用率平均分别增加57.2%、69.5%和100.2%,磷肥农学利用率平均分别增加108.9%、51.8%和61.7%,磷肥偏生产力平均分别增加53.1%、37.5%和50.1%。综合考虑玉米产量和磷素吸收利用效率,在西南低磷红壤上,以选择普通过磷酸钙作为施磷品种可确保玉米高产、磷素吸收和利用最佳。
It is of great significance to study the phosphorus uptake and utilization for rational selection of phosphate fertilizer varieties,improving phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency,and reducing soil phosphorus fixation in red soil.Based on the two year field experiment and pot experiment of typical low phosphorus red soil in southwest China,this paper explored the application of different varieties of phosphorus fertilizer[no phosphorus application(CK);super phosphate(SSP);mono ammonium phosphate(MAP);diammonium phosphate(DAP);calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer(CMP)]on maize yield,phosphorus uptake and distribution,and phosphorus use efficiency.The yield,biomass and harvest index of maize under different phosphorus application treatments were the highest in the SSP treatment,which increased by 53.1%,37.5%and 50.1%on average,and the biomass increased by 32.0%,21.4%and 30.9%on average compared with the MAP,DAP and CMP treatments,the harvest index increased by an average of 15.6%,12.8%and 14.1%in the field experiment of 2018,2019 and pot experiment,respectively.The application of different varieties of phosphorus fertilizers significantly increased the phosphorus accumulation of maize,the phosphorus uptake of various organs(straw,leaves and grains)and the maize phosphorus harvest index.Among them,the maize phosphorus accumulation increased by 32.6%,48.2%and 39.5%on average compared with the MAP,DAP and CMP treatments,respectively.Under different phosphorus application varieties,SSP treatment increased significantly the phosphorus harvest index by 22.7%and 13.7%compared to MAP,DAP and CMP treatments on average in field experiment of 2019 and pot experiment.In general,the phosphorus use efficiency of maize with different varieties of phosphorus fertilizers showed as SSP>CMP>DAP>MAP.In the two-year field experiment and pot experiment,compared with other treatments(MAP,DAP and CMP),the apparent phosphorus use efficiency of SSP treatment increased by 57.2%,69.5%and 100.2%,the agronomic utilization rates of phosphate fertilizers increased by 108.9%,51.8%and 61.7%,and the partial productivity of phosphate fertilizers increased by 53.1%,37.5%and 50.1%,respectively.Taking into account the maize yield,phosphorus uptake and utilization,the selection of super phosphate as the phosphorus application varieties in the low phosphorus red soil in southwest China can ensure high maize yield and the best phosphorus uptake and utilization.
作者
周龙
苏丽珍
赵红敏
张连娅
郑毅
汤利
ZHOU Long;SU Li-zhen;ZHAO Hong-min;ZHANG Lian-ya;ZHENG Yi;TANG Li(Coege of Resources and Environmental Science,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunan 650201;Yunnan RuralRevitalization Institution,Yunnan Open University,Kunming Yunnan 650101)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第12期210-218,共9页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1901503)
国家自然科学基金项目(32260805)
云南省重大科技专项计划(202102AE090030)
云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2024J0753)。
关键词
低磷红壤
不同品种磷肥
玉米
产量响应
磷吸收利用
low phosphorus red soil
different varieties of phosphorus fertilizers
maize
yield response
phosphorus uptake and utilization
