摘要
在东北集约化种植体系中,苗期水肥供应强度直接影响作物生长状况,并最终导致产量变异。富钼大豆专用保水剂是基于高分子材料合成与钼肥技术的耦合。针对东北2种典型土壤类型开展温室盆栽试验,通过二因子五水平的试验设计,研究土壤类型、保水剂类型及施用量对大豆苗期土壤水分利用效率及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:1)施用不同剂量普通保水剂(H 2020)和富钼专用保水剂(GH 2021)均可在不同程度上提高土壤保水性能,并促进苗期大豆生长及地上部植株干质量;2)土壤含水率和大豆幼苗株高均随用量的增大而增加,且用量为0.5%的GH 2021显著促进大豆幼苗的生长,在黑土和风沙土条件下增幅分别可达68.0%和44.9%;3)0.5%剂量的GH 2021使风沙土土壤含水率提高343.1%,相较于施用H 2020保水性能提升33.6%;4)与H 2020相比,施用量为0.5%的GH 2021使风沙土条件下苗期大豆株高和地上部干质量分别提高16.3%和34.0%。综上,富钼专用保水剂在东北大豆种植区最佳应用范围为:2种土壤条件下,保水剂理论田间推荐用量为0.5%,其对风沙土的保墒性能优于黑土。该保水剂可用于提升干旱区土壤保水性能,改善苗期大豆生长环境和营养状况,最大限度激发东北大豆的增产潜力。
[Background]In the intensive planting system in Northeast China,especially in arid and semiarid areas,the intensity of water and fertilizer supply during the seedling stage directly affects crop growth and causes yield variation.Super absorbent polymers(SAPs)can absorb and retain large volumes of water and aqueous solutions or solvents,and play an important role in improving soil pore structure and nutrient release.The article focuses on molybdenum-rich SAPs specialized for leguminous plants based on the coupling of polymer material synthesis and molybdenum fertilizer technology.[Methods]Pot experiments in the greenhouse were conducted on two typical soil types in Northeast China,which were black soil and aeolian sandy soil.Two factors(soil types and SAPs variations)at five levels(application dosage of 0,0.01%,0.05,0.1%and 0.5%)were designed,and the effects of soil types,variations of SAPs and application dosage on soil water retention property and seedling growth of soybean seedlings were investigated.[Results]1)Application of SAPs efficiently improved soil water retention in a varying degree,regardless of types of SAPs(ordinary super absorbent polymers,H 2020;molybdenum-rich special super absorbent polymers,GH 2021),growth and dry weight of soybean seedling were promoted after 12 d cultivation with SAPs.2)Both of the soil water content and soybean height increased with the increasing of the application amount of H 2020 and GH 2021,the soybean height remarkably increased by 68.0%and 44.9%under black soil and aeolian sandy soil conditions,respectively,when the dose of GH 2021 was up to 0.5%.3)The application of SAPs in aeolian sandy soil showed a greater water retention efficiency than that in black soil,soil water content in aeolian sandy soil notably increased by 343.1%under the treatment of 0.5%GH 2021,which was 33.6%higher than that of H 2020 in terms of water retention property.4)Compared to H2020,the application of GH2021 with dosage of 0.5%significantly increased the plant height and dry weight of soybean seedlings by 16.3%and 34.0%,respectively,under aeolian sandy soil conditions.[Conclusions]Based on the above results,the optimal condition,as a recommendation for the application of SAPs,molybdenum-rich SAPs with the dosage of no less than 0.5%,may play an important role in soybean growth.The molybdenum-rich SAPs could be used to improve the water retention of aeolian sandy soil,to enhance the growth environment and nutritional status of soybeans at the seedling stage,and to stimulate the yield potential of soybeans in Northeast China.
作者
张玉斌
景泉
崔金虎
陈贵娟
赵雪来
侯利园
ZHANG Yubin;JING Quan;CUI Jinhu;CHEN Guijuan;ZHAO Xuelai;HOU Liyuan(College of Plant Science,Jilin University,130062,Changchun,China;Jilin Huiquan Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd,130041,Changchun,China)
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期63-69,共7页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
吉林省教育厅产业化培育项目“旱作农作物富钼专用保水剂的研制开发”(JJKH20221035CY)
吉林省科技厅重大科技专项“吉林省西部风蚀瘠薄黑土地保护与高效利用技术体系集成与示范”(20220302003NC)
吉林省科技厅农产品绿色生产科技工程重大科技专项“玉米密植高产节能低碳绿色防倒生产技术”(20230302003NC)。
关键词
富钼专用保水剂
黑土
风沙土
大豆
土壤含水率
苗期大豆生长
molybdenum-rich SAPs
black soil
aeolian sandy soil
soybean
soil water content
soybean seedling growth
