摘要
近几十年来,我国近海生态环境在气候变化和高强度人类活动等多重压力下发生重大变化,以赤潮和绿潮为代表的有害藻华发生次数和规模呈快速增长态势,同时海水低氧和酸化等环境问题也日渐突出,迫切需要探明海洋生态环境灾害的发生机制和防治措施。本文首次阐明“海洋生态环境灾害”概念的内涵,并从营养物质外源输入、海洋有机质矿化分解与营养盐再生、近海水体营养盐结构异常等方面系统阐释了我国近海生态环境灾害发生的生源要素驱动机制,指出日益增强的人类活动引发的陆源营养物质输入剧增以及生源要素入海后的复杂生物地球化学循环过程共同导致近海生态环境灾害的频发。在此基础上,结合本领域最新研究进展,提出了基于海水生源要素管理的近海生态环境健康调控思路。即基于陆海一体化战略,通过技术手段,从陆源减排、海岸带缓冲和近海治理链条式降低陆源污染物特别是无机氮的排放强度,并通过人为调控技术促进近海海水营养盐结构的正常化,从而达到降低和控制近海生态环境灾害发生的目的,改善和提升近海生态环境质量。
In recent decades,China’s coastal ecological environment has undergone significant changes under multiple pressures such as climate change and high intensity of human activities.The occurrence and scale of harm⁃ful algal blooms represented by the red tide and the green tide are increasing rapidly.Moreover,environmental problems such as hypoxia and acidification in seawater have become increasingly prominent.It is urgent to find out the occurrence mechanism and prevention measures of marine eco⁃environmental disasters.Therefore,we explained the connotation of the concept of“marine eco⁃environmental disaster”for the first time,and systematically interpre⁃ted the biogenic element driving mechanisms in the occurrence of eco⁃environmental disasters in China nearshore area in the aspects of exogenous input of nutrients,the mineralization and decomposition of marine organic matters and nutrient regeneration,as well as the abnormal nutrient structure in offshore waters.We pointed out that the drastic increases of terrigenous nutrient discharge caused by enhancing human activities,together with the complex biogeochemical cycle process after biogenic elements entering the sea,led to the frequent occurrence of coastal eco⁃environmental disasters.On this basis,combined with the latest research progress in this field,we put forward the regulatory schemes for coastal ecological environment health based on the controlling of seawater biogenic element.That is,based on land⁃sea integration strategy,the reduction of land⁃source pollutants,especially inorganic nitro⁃gen from land,coastal zone and into the sea,and the normalization of nutrient structure in coastal seawater through artificial regulation technology,are the key points to reduce and control the occurrence of disasters and improve the quality of the coastal ecosystems.
作者
邢建伟
宋金明
袁华茂
李学刚
段丽琴
曲宝晓
王启栋
马骏
王越奇
戴佳佳
XING Jianwei;SONG Jinming;YUAN Huamao;LI Xuegang;DUAN Liqin;QU Baoxiao;WANG Qidong;MA Jun;WANG Yueqi;DAI Jiajia(Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,Shandong,China;College of Marine Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266400,Shandong,China;Center for Ocean Mega-science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266400,Shandong,China)
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期564-576,共13页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA23050501)
中国科学院海洋研究所“汇泉青年学者”人才项目资助。
关键词
海洋生态环境灾害
营养盐调控
陆海统筹
生态环境健康
中国近海
marine eco⁃environmental disaster
nutrient regulation
land and sea coordination
ecological environ⁃ment health
China’s off⁃shore waters
