摘要
枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)Czk1是一株具广谱拮抗、促生和诱导植株产生抗病性的根际益生菌。为了全面资源化利用农业废弃物中的有机养分和促进对植物土传病害的生物防治,本研究以Czk1为研究对象,以鸡粪为底肥,分别利用玉米秸秆、菌糠、椰糠堆肥为原料,采用液固两相发酵工艺,以稀释平板菌落计数法测定活菌总数和芽孢数,经过单因素和正交试验方法,明确Czk1固体发酵物料的配方、工艺参数和培养条件。得出Czk1固体发酵的最优条件:最佳原料为菌糠鸡粪堆肥,Czk1接种重量为10%,黄豆粉添加量为10%,含水量为40%,发酵温度为37℃,翻抛1次/72h,在此条件下,Czk1菌株中的芽孢活菌数量总量可以达到8.63×10^(8)CFU/g,芽孢数为8.37×10^(8)CFU/g。其次,发酵效果较佳的原料为秸秆鸡粪堆肥,Czk1接种量为10%,添加5%黄豆粉,40%含水量,发酵温度为37℃,翻抛1次/72 h,此条件下,Czk1接种菌株中的活菌数量总量可达到6.53×10^(8)CFU/g,芽孢数为5.97×10^(8)CFU/g;另外,在此配方条件下再添加30%菌糠,Czk1菌株的活菌数量总量及芽孢数分别可达到8.70×10^(8)CFU/g和6.90×10^(8)CFU/g。4种发酵生物肥原料的理化性质测定表明,其有机质含量、碳氮比均有较大差异,其中以鸡粪为原料其pH、全磷和全钾含量均最高,碳氮比最低,氮、磷、钾总含量均高于秸秆、椰糠和菌糠;秸秆为原料其电导率、有机质含量最高;椰糠为原料其全氮含量最高,菌糠为原料碳氮比最高。不同鸡粪与菌糠、秸秆及椰糠组合的生物有机肥的种子发芽指数均大于80%。因此,枯草芽孢杆菌Czk1具有良好的开发利用价值,选择合适的发酵生产条件可将农业废弃物制备出高质量的生物有机肥。
Bacillus subtilis Czk1 is a rhizosphere antagonist with a very broad-spectrum antagonistic,growth promotion and induction of plant resistance.In order to fully utilize organic nutrients in agricultural wastes and promote biological control of soil-borne plant diseases,Czk1 was used as the research object in this study,chicken manure as the base fer-tilizer,corn straw,mushroom bran and coconut bran compost were used as the raw materials,and the liquid-solid two-phase fermentation process was adopted.The total number of viable bacteria and the number of spores were deter-mined by the dilution plate colony counting method.The formula,process parameters and culture conditions of Czk1 solid fermentation materials were determined by the single factor and orthogonal experiment method.The results showed that the optimal conditions for solid fermentation of Czk1 are raw material was mushroom bran and chicken manure compost with the inoculated weight of Czk1 at 10%,the added amount of soybean powder at 10%,the water content at 40%,the fermentation temperature at 37℃and the turning once every 72 h.Under the conditions,the total number of viable bacteria in Czk1 strain could reach 8.63×10^(8)CFU/g.The number of spores was 8.37×10^(8)CFU/g.The best fermentation material was corn straw and chicken manure compost,Czk1 inoculation amount of 10%,adding 5%soybean powder,40%water content,fermentation temperature of 37℃,turning once every 72 h,the total number of vi-able bacteria in Czk1 inoculation strain could reach 6.53×10^(8)CFU/g.The number of spores was 5.97×10^(8)CFU/g.The total number of viable bacteria and the number of spores of Czk1 strain could reach 8.70×10^(8)CFU/g and 6.90×10^(8)CFU/g,re-spectively,when 30%mushroom bran was added.The physical and chemical properties of four fermentation biological fertilizer raw materials were determined,and significant differences were observed in their organic matter content and carbon to nitrogen ratio.Among them,chicken manure had the highest pH,total phosphorus,and total potassium content,while the carbon to nitrogen ratio was the lowest.The total content of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium was higher than that of corn straw,coconut bran,and mushroom bran;Corn straw has the highest electrical conductivity and or-ganic matter content as the raw material;Coconut bran has the highest total nitrogen content,while mushroom bran has the highest carbon to nitrogen ratio.The seed germination index of bio-organic fertilizer with different combinations of chicken manure,mushroom bran,corn straw,and coconut bran is greater than 80%.Therefore,high quality bioorganic fertilizer can be prepared from agricultural waste by selecting suitable fermentation production conditions.B.subtilis Czk1 has good development and utilization value.
作者
贺春萍
翟纯鑫
吴贺
梁艳琼
谭施北
吴伟怀
易克贤
HE Chunping;ZHAI Chunxin;WU He;LIANG Yanqiong;TAN Shibei;WU Weihuai;YI Kexian(Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Green Agriculture in Tropical China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agri-cultural Pests,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;College of Plant Protection,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China;College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China)
出处
《热带作物学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期394-404,共11页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops
基金
海南省院士创新平台科研专项(No.YSPTZX202016)
海南省自然科学基金项目(No.320RC692)
国家天然橡胶产业技术体系病害防控岗位项目(No.CARS-33-BC1)。
关键词
枯草芽孢杆菌
固体发酵
发酵工艺优化
生物有机肥
芽孢产量
Bacillus subtilis
solid-state fermentation
fermentation condition optimization
bio-organic fertilizer
spore production
