摘要
高密度城市空间的颗粒物浓度分布对居民健康和环境的可持续发展具有重要影响。然而,当前研究多集中在中宏观尺度,且不同季节背景对城市形态与颗粒物浓度之间定量关系的影响尚存争议。基于2021年济南市主城区65个空气质量监测站的PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度实时观测数据,分析了不同季节下城市街区形态对颗粒物浓度(PM_(2.5)和PM_(10))的影响。结果表明:(1)颗粒物浓度呈双峰型日变化,且具有显著的U形逐月变化规律,PM_(2.5)呈冬季高夏季低、春秋两季居中,PM_(10)呈春季高夏季低、秋冬两季居中的季节性变化特征,且呈东南低、西北高的空间分布格局,高污染区域集中于交通和建筑密集区域,低污染区域主要分布于大型城市绿地旁。(2)城市街区形态对颗粒物的影响具有明显的季节分异性。PM_(2.5)与绿色空间指标在4个季节的相关性均十分显著,与绿地覆盖率(GCR)、绿地斑块形状指数(MSI)和绿地最大斑块指数(LPI)呈负相关性,与绿地斑块密度(PD)呈正相关,并且PM_(2.5)仅在秋冬季与建筑形态指标相关关系显著,其中建筑密度(BD)、建筑平均高度(AHV)和建筑平均体积(AV)是最具影响力的指标。PM_(10)仅在春冬两季与绿色空间指标显著相关,GCR和MSI产生的影响较大,并且与BD、AHV和容积率(FAR)等建筑形态指标仅在秋冬季节相关性显著。
The distribution of particulate matter concentrations in high-density urban spaces has important implications for the health of the population and the sustainability of the environment.However,most of the current academic research focuses on the meso-macro scale,and the influence of different seasonal contexts on the quantitative relationship between urban form and particulate matter concentrations is still controversial.In this study,the effects of urban neighborhood patterns on particulate matter concentrations under different seasons were analyzed based on real-time observations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) concentrations at 65 air quality monitoring stations in the main urban area of Jinan City in 2021.The results show that:(1)The particulate matter concentration shows a bimodal daily change,and has a significant U-shaped change rule month by month,the PM_(2.5) concentration shows a high in winter and low in summer,and is centered in spring and autumn,the PM_(10) shows a high in spring and low in summer,and centered in autumn and winter,and shows a spatial distribution pattern with a low in the southeast direction and a high in the northwest direction,and the high-pollution area is concentrated in the traffic and high-pollution areas are concentrated in traffic and building-intensive areas,and low-pollution areas are mainly distributed next to large urban green areas.(2)There is a clear seasonal variability in the effect of neighborhood patterns on particulate matter concentrations in the city.In all seasons,PM_(2.5) was significantly correlated with green space indicators,showing negative correlation with green space coverage(GCR),green space patch shape index(MSI),and green space maximum patch index(LPI),and positive correlation with green space patch density(PD),and PM_(2.5) was signifcantly correlated with building morphology indicators only in the falland winter seasons,in which the building density(BD),average building height(AHV),and average building volume(AV)were the most infuential indicators.PMio was significantly correlated with the green space indicators only in the spring and winter seasons.PMio was significantly correlated with green space indicators only in spring and winter,GCR and MSI were more influential,and the correlation with building form indicators such as BD,AHV,and floor area ratio(FAR)was significant only in fall and winter.
作者
肖华斌
许宇彤
王子康
张小平
李杰
XIAO Huabin;XU Yutong;WANG Zikang;ZHANG Xiaoping;LI Jie(School of Architecture and Urban Planning Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan,Shandong,China,250102;Jinan Engineering Research Center of Smart-Resilient Landscape and Low-Carbon Ecological Technology,Jinan,Shandong,China,250101;Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University,Jinan,Shandong,China,250100)
出处
《园林》
2024年第3期121-130,共10页
Landscape Architecture Academic Journal
基金
山东省自然科学基金面上项目“城市复杂建成环境下绿色基础设施组合模式降温效能协同与优化调控研究”(编号:ZR2023ME108)
山东省自然科学基金面上项目“黄河下游城乡水适应景观演变对生态系统服务的影响研究”(编号:ZR2023ME166)
山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划“泰山区域‘山水林田湖草生命共同体’高效韧性服务提升与生态安全格局构建研究”(编号:2020KJG004)
山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划“生态系统服务与居民福祉耦合的黄河流域下游生态空间评估与优化研究——以大汶河流域为例”(编号:2022KJ202)。
