摘要
为了提高油莎豆油的品质,以溶剂法制取的油莎豆毛油为原料,对其酸法脱胶工艺进行了研究,以期为油莎豆油的深加工提供参考。首先确定了酸法脱胶时所需要添加的酸为柠檬酸,然后考察了柠檬酸溶液质量分数,以及柠檬酸添加量、水添加量、水化时间、酸化时间和反应温度等因素对油莎豆油磷含量和脱胶率的影响,并在单因素试验的基础上进行了响应面优化试验。结果表明:油莎豆油酸法脱胶优化的工艺条件为反应温度59℃、水添加量3.5%、水化时间49.5 min、柠檬酸添加量0.20%、酸化时间10 min,在此条件下,油莎豆毛油的脱胶率为95.9%±0.3%,磷含量可降至(4.4±0.3)mg/kg。利用柠檬酸对油莎豆油进行脱胶可显著提高脱胶效果,降低磷含量,提高油脂品质。
Tiger nut(Cyperus esculentus L.)oil,which is a high-quality and healthy edible oil,is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and active components.The phospholipids in the crude tiger nut oil affect not only the quality of the refined oil,but also the subsequent refining efficiency.In order to decrease the phosphorus content in tiger nut degummed oil as much as possible and improve the quality of refined oil better,in this study,the tiger nut crude oil prepared by solvent method was used as raw material,the acid degum-ming process was investigated.Different solutions including citric acid and phosphoric acid were tested pre-liminary.It was found that the lowest phosphorus content occurred in citric acid solution.Hence,citric acid was selected in the following experiments.The effects of acid solution mass fraction,acid solution dosage,water dosage,hydration time,acidification time and reaction temperature on phosphorus content and degumming rate of tiger nut oil for single factor experiment were also studied.On the basis of single factor experiment,reaction temperature,water dosage and hydration time were selected as the main indexes for response surface methodology.The response surface optimization experiment with three factors and three levels was conducted to optimize the acid degumming process conditions of tiger nut oil.The order of the influence of variables was reaction temperature>hydration time>water dosage.The optimized process conditions for acid degumming of tiger nut oil were as follows:reaction temperature 59℃,water dosage 3.5%,hydration time 49.5 min.Under the optimized conditions,the degumming rate of tiger nut crude oil was(95.9±0.3)%and the phosphorus content could be reduced to(4.4±0.3)mg/kg.In summary,the degumming of the tiger nut crude oil using citric acid can significantly improve the degumming effect,re-duce the phosphorus content,and improve the quality of the oil.
作者
高瑞
周燕霞
刘玉兰
孙尚德
GAO Rui;ZHOU Yanxia;LIU Yulan;SUN Shangde(College of Food Science and Engineering,Henan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 450001,China)
出处
《河南工业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第1期1-7,39,共8页
Journal of Henan University of Technology：Natural Science Edition
基金
河南省重大科技专项(21100110100-3)。
关键词
油莎豆油
酸法脱胶
脱胶率
tiger nut oil
acid degumming
degumming rate
