摘要
为探明不同轮作模式及茬口对胡麻光合生理参数和产量的影响,本研究基于2012-2020年的田间长期定位试验,以胡麻为主要研究对象,研究了胡麻→胡麻→胡麻→胡麻(FFFF)、胡麻→小麦→马铃薯→胡麻(FWPF)、胡麻→马铃薯→胡麻→小麦(FPFW)、胡麻→胡麻→小麦→马铃薯(FFWP)、胡麻→小麦→胡麻→马铃薯(FWFP)和胡麻→小麦→马铃薯→小麦(FWPW)6种不同轮作模式下作物茬口、胡麻种植频率及连作年限对西北旱作区胡麻叶面积指数、SPAD值、光合势、净同化速率、光合特性及产量的影响,以期为优化旱作农业区胡麻种植制度和明确胡麻高产的光合生理机制提供理论依据和技术指导。结果表明:与连作相比,轮作处理下胡麻叶面积指数、SPAD值和光合势分别显著提高了8.11%~86.49%、3.54%~42.86%和10.38%~76.58%,小麦茬和马铃薯茬较胡麻茬显著提高,25%和50%频率较100%频率显著提高,且随连作年限缩短而增加,而净同化速率上升的趋势在现蕾期后逐渐显现。此外,轮作改善了胡麻光合特性,净光合速率和叶片水分利用效率分别显著提高了8.26%~106.00%和20.77%~51.84%(盛花期(F)WPF处理除外)。成熟期轮作处理下胡麻籽粒产量、非籽粒产量与总生物产量较连作分别显著增加了29.89%~109.59%,44.60%~111.90%和38.98%~111.01%,四年连作分别较两年连作显著降低了23.01%,30.85%和28.05%,且随茬口的更换、胡麻种植频率的降低而增加。相关性分析发现,胡麻地上部生物产量和籽粒产量呈显著正相关关系,二者与现蕾期和盛花期胡麻净光合速率、蒸腾速率均为显著正相关关系,与胞间CO_(2)浓度呈显著负相关关系,且盛花期相关系数大于现蕾期。综上表明,轮作有利于为胡麻创造良好的个体和群体光合作用能力,维持生育中后期较强的光合作用能力,增加光合产物积累,从而提高胡麻籽粒产量和生物产量,其中,胡麻→小麦→马铃薯→小麦为最佳轮作模式。
This study aimed to investigate the impact of different crop rotation patterns and previous crops on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of oilseed flax in a long-term field positioning experiment conducted from 2012 to 2020.Oilseed flax was selected as the primary research subject.The effects of previous crops,flax planting frequency,and continuous cropping years on leaf area index,SPAD value,photosynthetic potential,net assimilation rate,photosynthetic characteristics,and yield of flax were examined in the northwest dry farming area under six different crop rotation patterns:FFFF(flax→flax→flax→flax),FWPF(flax→wheat→potato→flax),FPFW(flax→potato→flax→wheat),FFWP(flax→flax→wheat→potato),FWFP(flax→wheat→flax→potato),and FWPW(flax→wheat→potato→wheat).The objective was to provide theoretical foundations and technical guidance for optimizing the planting system of dryland farming areas while elucidating the photosynthetic physiological mechanisms underlying high-yield production in oilseed flax.Furthermore,the results demonstrated that compared with continuous cropping,crop rotation significantly increased leaf area index by 8.11%-86.49%,SPAD value by 3.54%-42.86%,and photosynthetic potential by 10.38%-76.58%in oilseed flax.The stubble biomass after wheat or potato cultivation was significantly higher than that after oilseed flax cultivation.Moreover,the planting frequencies at 25%and 50%were significantly higher than that at 100%,which also increased with decreasing years of continuous cropping.Meanwhile,net assimilation rate exhibited an increasing trend after budding stage.Additionally,crop rotation significantly enhanced the photosynthetic characteristics of oilseed flax,resulting in a substantial increase in net photosynthetic rate(8.26%-106.00%)and leaf water use efficiency(20.77%-51.84%),except for the(F)WPF treatment during the anthesis stage.Compared to continuous cropping,crop rotation significantly boosted grain yield,non-grain yield,and total biomass yield of oilseed flax at maturity stage by 29.89%-109.59%,44.60%-111.90%,and 38.98%-111.01%,respectively.In addition,four-year continuous cropping led to a significant decrease of 23.01%,30.85%,and 28.05%in grain yield,non-grain yield,and total biomass yield compared to two-year continuous cropping respectively;however,these yields increased when previous crops were replaced and flax planting frequency was reduced.Correlation analysis revealed that aboveground biomass yield and grain yield exhibited a significant positive correlation with net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of oilseed flax during budding and anthesis stages,but showed a significant negative correlation with intercellular CO_(2) concentration.Notably,the correlation coefficient was higher during the anthesis stage than during the budding stage.Therefore,crop rotation facilitated the development of robust individual and population-level photosynthetic capacity in oilseed flax while maintaining strong photosynthetic performance throughout its growth period.This approach led to increased accumulation of photosynthetic products resulting in improved grain yield as well as overall biological productivity for oilseed flax cultivation.Among various crop rotation patterns tested,"flax→wheat→potato→wheat"proved to be an appropriate choice.
作者
王海娣
高玉红
吴兵
剡斌
崔政军
王一帆
WANG Hai-di;GAO Yu-hong;WU Bing;YAN Bin;CUI Zheng-jun;WANG Yi-fan(State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricul-tural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Life Sciences and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)
出处
《中国油料作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期155-165,共11页
Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences
基金
甘肃省教育科技创新产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-38)
特色油料作物产业技术体系(CARS-14-1-16)
地区科学基金项目(32260551)
甘肃农业大学伏羲杰出人才项目(Gaufx-02J05)。
关键词
胡麻
轮作
茬口
频率
光合生理参数
产量
oilseed flax
crop rotation
previous crop
frequency
photosynthetic physiological parameters
yield
