摘要
红外和雷达波隐身主要是通过降低目标的红外辐射信号和雷达回波信号来提高目标的隐蔽性。将相变材料与炭黑封装为相变单元,并将其与膨胀珍珠岩-磁粉/水泥复合材料结合,研制出一种兼具红外和雷达波隐身的双功能水泥基复合材料,对其吸波性能和热性能进行试验与仿真研究。结果表明:炭黑对相变材料相变温度的影响较小,潜热仅降低了约1.9%;500次冷热循环后,相变材料的潜热留存率为78.3%,循环稳定性较好。相变单元和膨胀珍珠岩均可以提高水泥基复合材料的吸波能力,且反射损耗在-5~-15 dB可调。相变单元通过吸收大量热量来降低目标外表面温度,削弱红外辐射。相变材料的加入会增加水泥基复合材料的热导率,但相变材料高储热密度和珍珠岩低热导率的共同作用使得水泥基复合材料的隔热效应更加显著,从而降低目标的红外辐射信号。仿真结果表明:磁损耗仅出现在水泥基体中,相变单元通过电阻损耗来影响水泥基复合材料的吸波性能。热量传递在相变单元处受阻,传导热通量在相变单元边缘处的传输过程出现弯曲。当相变材料相变完成后,热量趋于均匀分布。因此,水泥基复合材料可通过损耗电磁波来降低雷达回波信号,通过相变材料吸收目标的热量来降低红外辐射,从而实现不同复杂环境下建筑材料的红外和雷达波等多波段隐身。
Infrared and radar wave stealth primarily enhance the concealment of targets by reducing the signals of infrared radiation and radar echoes.A dual functional cement-based composite material that combines infrared and radar wave stealth was developed by encapsulating phase change materials(PCM)with carbon black(CB)as phase change units(PCU)and combining them withexpanded perlite-magnetic particle/cement composite materials.The electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption and thermal properties of samples were tested and simulated.The experimental results indicate that CB has a minimal impact on the phase change temperature of PCMs,with only a 1.9%decrease in latent heat.After 500 cycles of heating and cooling,the PCMs retain approximately 78.3%of fusion latent heat,demonstrating good cycle stability.The PCU and expanded perlite can enhance the EMW absorbing performance of cement-based materials,with adjustable reflection loss ranging from-5 dB to-15 dB.The PCU reduces the external surface temperature of the sample by absorbing a significant amount of heat,thereby weakening infrared radiation.The addition of PCMs increases the thermal conductivity of cement-based composites.However,the high thermal storage density of PCU and low thermal conductivity of expanded perlite contribute to a more significant insulation effect in cement-based composites,resulting in a reduction of infrared radiation signal.The simulation results express that magnetic loss only occurs in the cement matrix,and the PCU affects the EMW absorbing performance of cement-based materials through resistance loss.The heat conduction is hindered at the PCU,causing the conduction heat flux to bend at the edge of the PCU.After the phase change is complete,the heat distribution tends to be uniform.Therefore,cement-based composite materials can achieve multi-band stealth in different complex environments,such as infrared and radar waves,by dissipating EMW and absorbing target heat,respectively,thereby reducing radar echo signals and infrared radiation.
作者
马超
解帅
王永超
冀志江
吴子豪
王静
MA Chao;XIE Shuai;WANG Yongchao;JI Zhijiang;WU Zihao;WANG Jing(State Key Laboratory of Green Building Materials,China Building Materials Academy Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100024,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期22-30,共9页
Materials Reports
基金
绿色建筑材料国家重点实验室预研项目(ZA-69)。
关键词
水泥基复合材料
红外隐身
雷达波隐身
相变材料
有限元法
cement-based composite material
infrared stealth
radar wave stealth
phase change material(PCM)
finite element method(FEM)
