摘要
目的:研究信阳市小学4~6年级儿童心理健康状况与校园欺凌、学业压力的关系,为改善儿童心理健康状况提供实证依据。方法:从信阳市抽取6所小学4~6年级儿童1736名为调查对象,采用儿童少年心理健康问卷(Mental Health Scale for Child and Adolescent,MHS-CA)、特拉华欺凌受害量表(学生版)(Delaware Bullying Victimization Scale-Student,DBVS-S)、小学生学习压力问卷进行调查,采用回归分析考察变量之间的关系。结果:①单因素分析显示,男生的MHS-CA评分、学业压力评分高于女生,DBVS-S评分低于女生(P<0.01);城区学生的MHS-CA评分、学业压力评分高于农村,DBVS-S评分低于农村(P<0.001);独生子女的MHS-CA评分、学业压力评分高于非独生子女(P<0.001);汉族学生的学业压力评分高于少数民族,DBVS-S评分低于少数民族(P<0.001);贫困家庭学生的DBVS-S评分高于非贫困家庭,学业压力评分、MHS-CA评分低于非贫困家庭(P<0.001);双亲家庭学生的MHS-CA评分高于单亲或其他家庭,DBVS-S评分低于单亲或其他家庭(P<0.001);留守学生的DBVS-S评分高于非留守学生,MHS-CA评分低于非留守学生(P<0.001);不同年级学生的MHS-CA评分、DBVS-S评分、学业压力评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。②Pearson相关分析法显示,小学生心理健康与校园欺凌、学业压力呈负相关(P<0.05)。③多重线性回归分析发现,影响小学生心理健康状况的因素有家庭经济状况、家庭类型、校园欺凌、学业压力、是否为独生子女、有无留守经历(P<0.05)。结论:生源地为农村、单亲或其他家庭、家庭贫困、非独生子女、有留守经历的4~6年级儿童心理健康状况较差,且与校园欺凌、学业压力有关。
Objective:To study the relationship between the mental health status of primary school children in grades 4~6 in Xinyang city and campus bullying and academic stress,in order to provide empirical evidence for improving children's mental health status.Methods:A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to randomly select 1736 children in grades 4~6 from 6 primary schools in Xinyang city as the survey subjects.The survey was conducted using the Mental Health Scale for Children and Adolescent(MHS-CA),Delaware Bullying Victimization Scale Student(DBVS-S),and Primary School Student Learning Stress Questionnaire.Regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between variables.Results:①Single factor analysis showed that boys had higher MHS-CA scores and academic stress scores than girls,while DBVS-S scores were lower than girls(P<0.01);The MHS-CA score and academic stress score of urban students were higher than those in rural areas,while the DBVS-S score was lower than that in rural areas(P<0.001);The MHS-CA score and academic stress score of only children were higher than those of non only children(P<0.001);The academic stress score of Han students was higher than that of ethnic minorities,and the DBVS-S score was lower than that of ethnic minorities(P<0.001);The DBVS-S score of students from impoverished families was higher than that of non impoverished families,while the academic stress score and MHS-CA score were lower than those of non impoverished families(P<0.001);The MHS-CA score of students from two parent families was higher than that of single parent or other families,and the DBVS-S score was lower than that of single parent or other families(P<0.001);The DBVS-S score of left behind students was higher than that of non left behind students,while the MHS-CA score was lower than that of non left behind students(P<0.001);There was a statistically significant difference in the MHS-CA score,DBVS-S score,and academic stress score among students of different grades(P<0.001).②Pearson correlation analysis showed that the mental health of primary school students was negatively correlated with campus bullying and academic stress(P<0.05).③Through regression analysis,it was found that the factors affecting the mental health status of primary school students include place of origin,family economic status,family type,campus bullying,academic stress,whether they are only children,and whether they have left behind experience(P<0.05).Conclusion:Children in grades 4~6 who come from rural areas,single parent or other families,have poor families,are not only children,and have left behind experiences.Their mental health status is poor,and it is related to campus bullying and academic stress.
作者
田平
邢惠子
夏炜妍
翟春晓
TIAN Ping;XING Huizi;XIA Weiyan;ZHAI Chunxiao(School of Nursing,Xinyang Vocational and Technical College,Xinyang 464000,China)
出处
《中国健康心理学杂志》
2024年第3期455-460,共6页
China Journal of Health Psychology
基金
河南省科学技术厅2022年科技发展计划(编号:222102310520)
河南省教育科学规划2023年度重点课题(编号:2023JKZD51)。
关键词
小学生
校园欺凌
学业压力
心理健康
Primary school students
Campus bullying
Academic stress
Mental health
