摘要
目的对GBZ 159-2004《工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范》(简称GBZ 159)的修订需求进行量化评估,厘清其实施过程中的问题及改进建议,为标准修订提供依据。方法于2021年4至9月,采用分层方便抽样方法,利用半开放式问卷对各级疾病预防控制中心、职业病防治院所、第三方技术服务机构和高校中从事职业卫生工作的人员开展调查。计算GBZ 159各项指标的熵权及基于熵权的评分,用Spearman秩相关分析描述两者的相关性并绘制雷达图进行综合评价。结果调查对象共反馈问卷151份,147份为有效问卷,有效回收率97.35%,共涉及29个省、自治区、直辖市。GBZ 159修订的必要性和紧迫性基于熵权的评分G中位数分别为2.84和3.17,差异有统计学意义(M=-25.50,P<0.001)。各二级条目的必要性和紧迫性基于熵权的评分G雷达图走势基本相同(rs=0.999 8,P<0.001),且紧迫性基于熵权的评分G高于必要性。必要性和紧迫性基于熵权的评分G最高的均为"3.13长时间采样",分别为7.56和8.23;其次为"3.12短时间采样",分别为7.19和7.13。结论 GBZ 159在实施过程中遇到一些新问题和新挑战,其部分技术指标已与现在的职业卫生实际工作脱节,如"3.13长时间采样""3.12短时间采样"等条目亟需修订完善。
Objective To conduct quantitative evaluation on the revise requirements of Specifications of Air Sampling for Hazardous Substances Monitoring in the Workplace(GBZ 159-2004),clarify the problems and suggestions during its implementation for improvement,and provide a basis for the revision of the standard.Methods From April to September 2021,stratified convenient sampling method was adopted and semi-open questionnaire was used to investigate the occupational health personnel in CDC,occupational prevention and control institutes,employers,third-party technical service institutions and universitie.The entropy weight of each index and the score based on entropy weight of GBZ 159 were calculated.Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to describe the correlation between the two indexes and radar chart was drawn for comprehensive evaluation.Results A total of 151 questionnaires were received from the respondents,of which 147 were valid,with an effective recovery rate of 97.35%,involving 29 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities.The median G scores of the necessity and urgency of GBZ 159 revision based on entropy weight were 2.84 and 3.17,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(M=-25.50,P<0.001).The trend of the score G of necessity and urgency based on entropy weight was basically the same for all secondary items(rs=0.9998,P<0.001),and the score G of urgency based on entropy weight was higher than that of necessity.The highest score G of necessity and urgency based on entropy weight was"3.13 long time sampling",which were 7.56 and 8.23 respectively.This was followed by"3.12 short time sampling",which were 7.19 and 7.13 respectively.Conclusion GBZ 159 has encountered some new problems and challenges in the implementation process,and some of its technical indicators have been out of line with the actual practice of occupational health at present.These are the two items that urgently needs to be revised and improved,such as"3.13 long time sampling"and"3.12 short time sampling"and other items need to be revised and improved.
作者
刘拓
谢晓霜
鲁洋
秦鹏
李文捷
朱秋鸿
Liu Tuo;Xie Xiaoshuang;Lu Yang;Qin Peng;Li Wenjie;Zhu Qiuhong(Department of Occupational Health Standards Research,National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)
出处
《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期90-95,共6页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
基金
职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定(131031109000150003)。
关键词
工作场所
有害物质监测
采样规范
GBZ
159-2004
修订需求
量化评估
熵权
雷达图
Workplace
Hazardous substances monitoring
Specifications of air sampling
GBZ 159-2004
Revise requirements
Quantitative evaluation
Entropy-weighted
Radar chart
