摘要
为了促进红仁核桃的进一步开发利用及深加工产品研发,以我国山西、陕西、甘肃等7个产地的红仁核桃为原料,对其种仁的基本营养成分、矿质元素、V_(E),种皮酚类物质,及红仁核桃油的脂肪酸、甾醇、角鲨烯进行了测定与分析。结果表明:7个产地红仁核桃仁均含有大量的粗脂肪、粗蛋白质及总糖,含量分别为60.77~73.89、14.84~17.21、8.72~14.29 g/100 g;检测的8种矿质元素(K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn、Se)中,含量最高的常量元素K和微量元素Fe均以山西省平顺县的红仁核桃仁最高;红仁核桃仁中平均总V_(E)含量为394.81 mg/kg,且均以γ-生育酚+β-生育三烯酚为主;陕西省商洛市八一基地的红仁核桃种皮中总酚含量最高,为462.23 mg/g;陕西省商洛市石门基地的红仁核桃种皮中总黄酮含量最高,为330.89 mg/g;山西省平顺县红仁核桃种皮中花色苷含量最高,为0.65 mg/g;7个产地的红仁核桃油共检出10种脂肪酸,以亚油酸、油酸、α-亚麻酸为主,其中云南省大理州、山西省平顺县的红仁核桃油中亚油酸含量较高;7个产地的红仁核桃油中平均总甾醇含量为231.94 mg/100 g,且均以谷甾醇为主,其中陕西省商洛市石门基地的红仁核桃油中谷甾醇含量最高,占比为72.08%;7个产地的红仁核桃油中平均角鲨烯含量为23.45 mg/kg,其中甘肃省成县红仁核桃油的角鲨烯含量最高,为37.34 mg/kg。综上,不同产地的红仁核桃及其油脂的营养成分含量具有一定的差异,但总体营养成分组成相同,其油脂中脂质伴随物的种类及含量较为丰富,具有较高的开发利用价值。
In order to promote the further development,utilization and the deep processing products research of red kernel walnuts,red kernel walnuts from 7 producing areas in China,including Shanxi,Shaanxi,Gansu,and etc.were used as raw materials,the content of basic nutrients,mineral elements and V_(E)of red kernel walnut kernels,phenolic substances in the seed coat,as well as the fatty acid,sterol,and squalene of red kernel walnut oil were determined and analyzed.The results showed that the contents of crude fat,crude protein,and total sugar in red kernel walnuts from 7 producing areas were 60.77-73.89,14.84-17.21 g/100 g,and 8.72-14.29 g/100 g,respectively.Eight mineral elements(potassium,sodium,calcium,magnesium,iron,copper,zinc,and selenium)were detected,and the highest contents of macroelement K and trace element Fe were found in the red kernel walnut of Pingshun,Shanxi.The average value of total V_(E)in red kernel walnuts was 394.81 mg/kg,and it was mainlyγ-tocopherol+β-tocotrienol.The total phenol content in the seed coat was the highest in the red kernel walnut of Shangluo Bayi Base,Shaanxi,at 462.23 mg/g.The total flavonoid content in the seed coat was the highest in red kernel walnut of Shangluo Shimen Base,Shaanxi,at 330.89 mg/g.The anthocyanin content in the seed coat of red kernel walnut from Pingshun,Shanxi was the highest,at 0.65 mg/g.A total of 10 fatty acids were detected in red kernel walnut oil from 7 producing areas,mainly linole acid,oleic acid andα-linoleic acid.The linoleic acid contents of red kernel walnut oil from Dali,Yunnan and Pingshun,Shanxi were higher.The average total sterol content in red kernel walnut oil from 7 producing areas was 231.94 mg/100 g,and it was mainly sitosterol.Among them,the content of sitosterol in red kernel walnut oil from Shangluo Shimen Base,Shaanxi was the highest,with a ratio of 72.08%.The average squalene content of red kernel walnut oil from 7 producing areas was 23.45 mg/kg,and the highest content was 37.34 mg/kg in red kernel walnut oil from Chengxian,Gansu.In summary,there are certain differences in the content of nutritional composition of red kernel walnuts and their oils from different producing areas,but the overall nutritional composition is the same,and the types and contents of lipid concomitants in their oils are relatively rich,which have high development and utilization value.
作者
朱振宝
张芳
段屹帆
董兆斌
王根宪
ZHU Zhenbao;ZHANG Fang;DUAN Yifan;DONG Zhaobin;WANG Genxian(College of Food Science and Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710021,China;Shangluo Shengda Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Luonan 726100,Shaanxi,China)
出处
《中国油脂》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期29-34,49,共7页
China Oils and Fats
基金
陕西省重点研发计划一般项目(2022NY-007)
国家自然科学基金项目(31671888)。
关键词
红仁核桃
产地
矿质元素
脂肪酸
V_(E)
甾醇
red kernel walnut
producing area
mineral element
fatty acid
vitamin E
sterol
