摘要
[目的]探索高程、坡度、土地利用、植被覆盖度等水蚀因子的空间内部多重分形特征,进而深刻认识黄土高原水蚀机理。[方法]分别以黄土高原沟壑区和黄土丘陵沟壑区的两个典型流域(长武县王东沟流域与淳化县泥河沟流域,米脂县泉家沟流域与安塞县纸坊沟流域)为例,利用多重分形方法计算分析了水蚀因子的多重分形谱及其主要参数,探讨了水蚀因子多重分形特征。[结果]地貌相对起伏最大和土地利用空间不均匀程度最高的是王东沟流域,其坡度与土地利用的奇异指数Δα值分别是0.817,0.310,而植被覆盖区域差异最大的是泉家沟流域,其植被覆盖的Δα=1.309;黄土丘陵沟壑区高程的Δf(α)<0,黄土高原沟壑区坡度的Δα与Δf(α)皆大于丘陵沟壑区,即丘陵沟壑区的相对起伏更大,地貌表面更尖锐,土地利用破碎化更严重,植被覆盖区域间复杂程度高。[结论]王东沟流域的地貌相对起伏程度和土地利用破碎化更大,泉家沟流域的植被覆盖复杂程度最高,与实际情况相符,即在区域开展水蚀因子量化进行多重分形特征分析是可行的。
[Objective]The multi-fractal characteristics of water erosion factors such as elevation,slope,land use and vegetation coverage are explored in order to deeply understand the water erosion mechanism of the Loess Plateau.[Methods]The watersheds in tow typical regions(Wangdonggou Watershed of Changwu County and Nihegou Watershed of Chunhua County,Quanjiagou Watershed of Mizhi County and Zhifanggou Watershed of Ansai County which are located in the highland and gully region and hilly and gully region,respectively)were taken as examples.The multifractal spectrum of the water erosion factor and its main parameters were calculated and analyzed by the multifractal method.The multifractal characteristics of the water erosion factor were discussed.[Results]The singulation indexΔαvalues of the slope and land use were 0.817 and 0.310,respectively,while the largest difference in vegetation coverage was observed in the Quanjiagou Watershed,where the vegetation cover wasΔα=1.309,the elevation of the loess hilly gully area wasΔf(α)<0,andΔαandΔf(α)of the slope of the loess highland and gully area was greater than that of the hilly ravine.That was,the relative undulations of hilly and ravines were greater,the surface of the landform was sharper,the land use fragmentation was more serious,and the complexity of vegetation coverage areas was high.[Conclusion]The relative relief degree and land use fragmentation were greater in Wangdonggou Basin,and the complexity of vegetation cover in Quanjiagou Basin was the highest,which was consistent with the actual situation.It was feasible to carry out multi-fractal characteristics analysis of water erosion factors quantification in the region.
作者
李莹莹
魏舟
童亚文
张青峰
Li Yingying;Wei Zhou;Tong Yawen;Zhang Qingfeng(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Shaanxi Digi Mining Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Xianyang,Shaanxi 712099,China)
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期122-129,共8页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2021JZ-17)
国家自然科学基金(41701239)。
关键词
水蚀因子
多重分形
高原沟壑区
丘陵沟壑区
小流域
water erosion factor
multifractal
highland and gully region
hilly and gully region
small watershed
