摘要
边缘事例论证是捍卫物种平等最重要的论证之一。该论证主张如果边缘性人类个体与典型理性人具备平等的道德地位,那么至少一些非人类动物也具有同样的道德地位。一些学者试图基于物种本身的道德意义对边缘事例论证展开批评,但这些努力尚不成功。边缘事例论证的主要困境在于其立足于原则一致性的要求,但原则不一致未必构成可被干涉的道德错误。通过将原则一致性的适用对象从个人转为政府,边缘事例论证能在政治维度得到更强的辩护。基于整全性的政治道德要求,政府有义务尽可能以其真诚相信且融贯的道德原则对待自己的公民,这其中可能蕴含尊重物种平等的政治义务。
The argument from marginal cases(AMC)is one of the most important arguments in defense of species equality.The argument asserts that if marginal human individuals have equal moral status with typical rational human individuals,then at least some animals have the same moral status.Some scholars have attempted to criticize AMC by appealing to the moral significance of the species itself,but these efforts have not yet been successful.The main dilemma with AMC is that it is grounded in the requirement of consistency of principles,but inconsistency of principles does not necessarily constitute a moral wrong that can be interfered with.By shifting the application of principle consistency from individuals to governments,AMC can be defended more strongly in the political dimension.Based on the political and moral requirement of integrity,governments have an obligation to treat the citizens with consistent moral principles that they sincerely believe,which may imply a political obligation to respect species equality.
作者
张峰铭
ZHANG Fengming(Department of Politics and Law,Party School of the Central Committee of C.P.C(National Academy of Governance))
出处
《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
2024年第1期27-38,共12页
Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
动物伦理
物种平等
边缘事例论证
物种主义
整全性
animal ethics
species equality
argument from marginal cases
speciesism
integrity
