摘要
目前玉米播种设备智能化水平相对较低,由地轮及链条驱动排种器会出现地轮打滑、链条跳动等问题,导致播种不均匀,漏播和重播指数增大,播种合格率降低;现阶段播种控制策略精度相对较低,有待提高。针对上述存在的问题,设计了一款电控播种系统,选择AT89C52单片机作为控制核心,采用雷达测速仪采集播种机前进速度,有效地减少所采集到的信息误差,根据设定株距以及播种机前进速度等信息,通过控制器计算并自动调节电机转速。系统设计了自动报警系统,可以对重播、漏播、堵塞、故障等现象进行监测。为提高电控系统的控制精度,系统采用双闭环控制方法,利用粒子群算法和模糊算法结合对PID参数进行整定优化,通过Matlab/Simulink软件建立仿真模型,通过仿真及试验证明该方法有着更加良好的控制精度及响应速度。田间试验表明,该排种系统平均播种合格指数为93.99%,较传统PID控制方法提高3.19%,播种效果良好。
Currently,the intelligent level of corn sowing equipment is relatively low,problems such as wheel slippage and chain jumping may occur in wheel and chain driving seeder,resulting in uniform sowing and increment of missed and repeated sowing and decrement of sowing qualification rate.At present stage the accuracy of sowing control strategies is relatively low and needs to be improved.In view of above problems,an electronic control sowing system was designed with AT89C52 micro-controller as the control core.The system used a radar speedometer to collect the seeder's working speed to reduce collected information errors effectively.Based on the setting plant spacing and seeder's working speed,the controller calculated and adjusted the motor speed automatically.The system had also an automatic alarm system to monitor phenomena such as repeated and missed sowing,seeds blockage and malfunctions.To improve the control accuracy of the electronic control system,a dual closed-loop control method was adopted.Particle swarm algorithm and fuzzy algorithm were combined to optimize the PID parameters.A simulation model was established using Matlab/Simulink software,simulation and experimental results demonstrated that used method had better control accuracy and response speed.Field tests showed that the average sowing qualification index of the seeder system was 93.99%,which was 3.19%higher than that of traditional PID control method,indicating a good sowing quality.
作者
张宇
赵胜雪
邓炜航
Zhang yu;Zhao shengxue;Deng weihang(Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Reclamation University,Daqing 163000)
出处
《中国农机装备》
2023年第6期45-49,共5页
China Agricultural Machinery Equipment
基金
黑龙江省重点研发计划重大项目课题(2022ZX05B02-02)
黑龙江省“百千万”工程科技重大专项(2020ZX17B01)。
关键词
玉米播种机
电控
排种系统
控制策略
Corn seeder
Electronic control
Seeding system
Control strategy
